Measurement, Models, and Analysis | p. 1 |
Measurements and Models | p. 2 |
Back to the Future: Echoes of the Big Bang | p. 6 |
Units and Standards of Measurement | p. 7 |
Unit Conversions | p. 11 |
Measurements, Calculations, and Uncertainties | p. 12 |
Estimates and Order-of-Magnitude Calculations | p. 15 |
How to Study Physics | p. 18 |
Problem Solving | p. 19 |
Motion in One Dimension | p. 25 |
Reference Frames, Coordinate Systems, and Displacement | p. 26 |
Average Speed and Average Velocity | p. 29 |
Graphical Interpretation of Velocity | p. 33 |
Instantaneous Velocity | p. 36 |
Acceleration | p. 40 |
Motion with Constant Acceleration | p. 44 |
Galileo and Free Fall | p. 48 |
Back to the Future: Galileo and Experimental Science | p. 53 |
Solving Quadratic Equations | p. 62 |
Motion in Two Dimensions | p. 63 |
Vectors | p. 64 |
Addition of Vectors | p. 65 |
Resolution of Vectors | p. 68 |
Relative Velocity in One Dimension | p. 72 |
Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions | p. 73 |
Kinematics in Two Dimensions | p. 78 |
Projectile Motion | p. 81 |
Review of Trigonometry | p. 94 |
Force and Motion | p. 96 |
Events Leading to Newton's Principia | p. 97 |
What Is a Force? | p. 98 |
Back to the Future: The Writing of the Principia | p. 99 |
Newton's First Law--Inertia | p. 103 |
Newton's Second Law | p. 105 |
Weight | p. 109 |
Newton's Third Law | p. 112 |
Some Applications of Newton's Laws | p. 116 |
Friction | p. 123 |
Physics in Practice: The Friction of Automobile Tires | p. 127 |
Static Equilibrium | p. 128 |
The Laws of Motion as a Whole | p. 132 |
Solving Simultaneous Equations | p. 143 |
Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation | p. 145 |
Uniform Circular Motion | p. 146 |
Force Needed for Circular Motion | p. 152 |
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion | p. 157 |
The Law of Universal Gravitation | p. 160 |
Back to the Future: Johannes Kepler | p. 161 |
The Universal Gravitational Constant G | p. 164 |
Gravitational Field Strength | p. 166 |
Back to the Future: Henry Cavendish and the Density of the Earth | p. 167 |
Work and Energy | p. 176 |
Work | p. 177 |
Work Done by a Varying Force | p. 179 |
Energy | p. 181 |
Kinetic Energy | p. 182 |
Potential Energy | p. 185 |
Conservation of Mechanical Energy | p. 189 |
Energy Conservation with Nonconservative Forces | p. 197 |
Power | p. 199 |
Physics in Practice: Human Energy | p. 202 |
Linear Momentum | p. 210 |
Linear Momentum | p. 211 |
Impulse | p. 211 |
Newton's Laws and the Conservation of Momentum | p. 214 |
Conservation of Momentum in One-Dimensional Collisions | p. 216 |
Conservation of Momentum in Two- and Three-Dimensional Collisions | p. 221 |
Changing Mass | p. 225 |
Applying the Conservation Laws | p. 234 |
Definition of Elastic Collisions | p. 235 |
Elastic Collisions in One Dimension | p. 236 |
Elastic Collisions in Two Dimensions | p. 242 |
General Form of Gravitational Potential Energy | p. 245 |
Physics in Practice: Symmetry and Conservation Laws | p. 246 |
Motion in a Gravitational Potential | p. 250 |
Escape Speed | p. 252 |
Rigid Bodies and Rotational Motion | p. 263 |
Angular Velocity and Angular Acceleration | p. 264 |
Rotational Kinematics | p. 267 |
Torque | p. 269 |
Static Equilibrium | p. 272 |
Elasticity: Stress and Strain | p. 278 |
Physics in Practice: Bridges | p. 280 |
Torque and Moment of Inertia | p. 282 |
Angular Momentum | p. 286 |
Conservation of Angular Momentum | p. 287 |
Rotational Kinetic Energy | p. 291 |
Conservation of Energy: Translations and Rotations | p. 293 |
Physics in Practice: The Earth, the Moon, and the Tides | p. 296 |
Fluids | p. 307 |
Hydrostatic Pressure | p. 308 |
Pascal's Principle | p. 312 |
Archimedes' Principle | p. 315 |
Physics in Practice: Measuring Blood Pressure | p. 316 |
Surface Tension | p. 320 |
Fluid Flow: Streamlines and the Equation of Continuity | p. 322 |
Physics in Practice: Surface Tension and the Lungs | p. 323 |
Bernoulli's Equation | p. 324 |
Viscosity and Poiseuille's Law | p. 327 |
Stokes's Law and Terminal Speed | p. 329 |
Physics in Practice: How Airplanes Fly | p. 330 |
Turbulent Flow | p. 333 |
Thermal Physics | p. 344 |
Temperature and States of Matter | p. 345 |
Thermometry | p. 346 |
Back to the Future: Fahrenheit's Thermometer | p. 349 |
Thermal Expansion | p. 350 |
The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat | p. 354 |
Calorimetry | p. 356 |
Change of Phase | p. 360 |
Heat Transfer | p. 363 |
Gas Laws and Kinetic Theory | p. 373 |
The Pressure of Air | p. 374 |
Boyle's Law | p. 376 |
Back to the Future: Gas Laws and Balloons | p. 378 |
The Law of Charles and Gay-Lussac | p. 379 |
The Ideal Gas Law | p. 381 |
The Kinetic Theory of Gases | p. 384 |
The Kinetic-Theory Definition of Temperature | p. 388 |
Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas | p. 389 |
The Barometric Formula and the Distribution of Molecular Speeds | p. 390 |
The Exponential Function | p. 400 |
Thermodynamics | p. 403 |
Thermal Equilibrium | p. 404 |
The First Law of Thermodynamics | p. 405 |
The Carnot Cycle and the Efficiency of Engines | p. 410 |
Physics in Practice: Gasoline Engines | p. 416 |
Refrigerators and Heat Pumps | p. 417 |
The Second Law of Thermodynamics | p. 421 |
Entropy and the Second Law | p. 422 |
Energy and Thermal Pollution | p. 426 |
Periodic Motion | p. 434 |
Hooke's Law | p. 435 |
The Simple Harmonic Oscillator | p. 438 |
Energy of a Harmonic Oscillator | p. 442 |
Period of a Harmonic Oscillator | p. 444 |
The Simple Pendulum | p. 447 |
Damped Harmonic Motion | p. 449 |
Physics in Practice: Walking and Running | p. 450 |
Forced Harmonic Motion and Resonance | p. 453 |
Waves and Sound | p. 463 |
Pulses on a Rope | p. 464 |
Harmonic Waves | p. 465 |
Energy and Information Transfer by Waves | p. 467 |
Sound Waves | p. 468 |
Measuring Sound Levels | p. 472 |
The Doppler Effect | p. 474 |
Physics in Practice: Room Acoustics | p. 475 |
Formation of a Shock Wave | p. 478 |
Reflection of a Wave Pulse | p. 479 |
Standing Waves on a String | p. 480 |
Waves in a Vibrating Column of Air | p. 486 |
Beats | p. 487 |
Physics in Practice: Hearing and the Ear | p. 488 |
Electric Charge and Electric Field | p. 495 |
Electric Charge | p. 496 |
Coulomb's Law | p. 499 |
Superposition of Electric Forces | p. 503 |
The Electric Field | p. 505 |
Superposition of Electric Fields | p. 508 |
Electric Flux and Gauss's Law | p. 510 |
A Quantitative Approach to Gauss's Law | p. 513 |
The Electric Dipole | p. 516 |
Physics in Practice: Dipoles and Microwave Ovens | p. 519 |
Electric Potential and Capacitance | p. 526 |
Electric Potential | p. 527 |
The Van de Graaff Electrostatic Generator | p. 533 |
The Electron Volt | p. 535 |
Equipotential Surfaces | p. 536 |
Back to the Future: The Leyden Jar and Franklin's Kite | p. 538 |
Capacitors | p. 539 |
The Parallel-Plate Capacitor | p. 540 |
Electric Field of a Parallel-Plate Capacitor | p. 542 |
Dielectrics | p. 545 |
Energy Storage in a Capacitor | p. 548 |
Electric Current and Resistance | p. 557 |
Electric Current and Electromotive Force | p. 558 |
Electric Resistance and Ohm's Law | p. 561 |
Resistivity | p. 563 |
Power and Energy in Electric Circuits | p. 565 |
Physics in Practice: Superconductivity | p. 566 |
Short Circuits and Open Circuits | p. 571 |
Kirchhoff's Rules and Simple Resistive Circuits | p. 572 |
Applications of Kirchhoff's Rules | p. 576 |
Capacitors in Combination | p. 578 |
Internal Resistance of a Battery | p. 581 |
Home Power Distribution | p. 583 |
Physics in Practice: Electric Shock | p. 586 |
Magnetism | p. 594 |
Magnets and Magnetic Fields | p. 595 |
Oersted's Discovery: Electric Current Produces Magnetism | p. 597 |
Physics in Practice: Magnetic Resonance Imaging | p. 601 |
Magnetic Forces on Electric Currents | p. 602 |
Magnetic Forces on Moving Charged Particles | p. 603 |
The Cyclotron | p. 607 |
Magnetic Field Due to a Current-Carrying Wire | p. 609 |
Torque on a Current Loop | p. 612 |
Galvanometers, Ammeters, and Voltmeters | p. 614 |
Ampere's Law | p. 616 |
Magnetic Materials | p. 618 |
Electromagnetic Induction | p. 628 |
Faraday's Law | p. 629 |
Motional Emf | p. 633 |
Generators and Motors | p. 635 |
The Transformer | p. 640 |
Inductance | p. 642 |
Energy Storage in a Magnetic Field | p. 644 |
The Experimental Laws of Electromagnetism | p. 645 |
Maxwell's Equations | p. 647 |
Physics in Practice: Linear Accelerators for Radiation Therapy | p. 649 |
Electromagnetic Waves | p. 650 |
Alternating-Current Circuits | p. 661 |
The RL Circuit | p. 662 |
The RC Circuit | p. 664 |
Effective Values of Alternating Current | p. 667 |
Physics in Practice: Electrocardiography | p. 669 |
Reactance | p. 670 |
The RLC Series Circuit | p. 673 |
Resonant Circuits | p. 676 |
Geometrical Optics | p. 683 |
Models of Light: Rays and Waves | p. 684 |
Reflection and Refraction | p. 685 |
Back to the Future: The Speed of Light | p. 686 |
Total Internal Reflection | p. 691 |
Fiber Optics | p. 693 |
Thin Lenses | p. 694 |
Locating Images by Ray Tracing | p. 696 |
The Thin-Lens Equation | p. 701 |
Spherical Mirrors | p. 707 |
Lens Aberrations | p. 711 |
Optical Instruments | p. 721 |
The Eye | p. 722 |
The Magnifying Glass | p. 725 |
Cameras and Projectors | p. 728 |
Compound Microscopes | p. 732 |
Telescopes | p. 734 |
Other Lenses | p. 736 |
Back to the Future: Development of the Telescope | p. 737 |
Wave Optics | p. 745 |
Huygens' Principle | p. 746 |
Reflection and Refraction of Light Waves | p. 747 |
Interference of Light | p. 749 |
Interference of Thin Films | p. 755 |
Diffraction by a Single Slit | p. 759 |
Multiple-Slit Diffraction and Gratings | p. 762 |
Resolution and the Rayleigh Criterion | p. 764 |
Dispersion | p. 768 |
Spectroscopes and Spectra | p. 770 |
Polarization | p. 772 |
Scattering | p. 775 |
Relativity | p. 784 |
Principle of Relativity | p. 785 |
Einstein's Postulates of Special Relativity | p. 786 |
Velocity Addition | p. 787 |
Back to the Future: Albert Einstein | p. 788 |
Simultaneity | p. 791 |
Time Dilation | p. 794 |
Length Contraction | p. 797 |
Physics in Practice: The Twin Paradox | p. 798 |
Mass and Energy | p. 799 |
Physics in Practice: The Appearance of Moving Objects | p. 800 |
Relativistic Momentum | p. 802 |
Relativisitic Kinetic Energy | p. 805 |
The Relativistic Doppler Effect | p. 807 |
The Principle of Equivalence | p. 809 |
General Relativity | p. 813 |
The Discovery of Atomic Structure | p. 822 |
Evidence of Atoms from Solids and Gases | p. 823 |
Electrolysis and the Quantization of Charge | p. 826 |
Avogadro's Number and the Periodic Table | p. 827 |
The Size of Atoms | p. 830 |
Crystals and X-Ray Diffraction | p. 832 |
Discovery of the Electron | p. 835 |
Back to the Future: Seeing Atoms | p. 839 |
Radioactivity | p. 840 |
Radioactive Decay | p. 841 |
Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus | p. 844 |
Origins of the Quantum Theory | p. 852 |
Spectroscopy | p. 853 |
Balmer's Series | p. 855 |
Back to the Future: Fraunhofer and the Solar Spectrum | p. 856 |
Blackbody Radiation | p. 858 |
The Photoelectric Effect | p. 861 |
Physics in Practice: Photons and Vision | p. 866 |
Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom | p. 867 |
Successes of the Bohr Theory | p. 870 |
Moseley and the Periodic Table | p. 872 |
Quantum Mechanics | p. 879 |
Classical and Quantum Mechanics | p. 880 |
The Compton Effect | p. 882 |
De Broglie Waves | p. 885 |
Back to the Future: Electron Microscopes | p. 888 |
Schrodinger's Equation | p. 889 |
The Uncertainty Principle | p. 890 |
Interpretation of the Wave Function | p. 893 |
The Particle in a Box | p. 896 |
Tunneling or Barrier Penetration | p. 897 |
Wave Theory of the Hydrogen Atom | p. 898 |
The Zeeman Effect and Space Quantization | p. 901 |
The Pauli Exclusion Principle | p. 904 |
Understanding the Periodic Table | p. 905 |
The Nucleus | p. 912 |
Radioactivity | p. 913 |
Chadwick's Discovery of the Neutron | p. 913 |
Composition and Size of the Nucleus | p. 916 |
Nuclear Forces and Binding Energy | p. 918 |
Conservation Rules: Radioactive and Nuclear Stability | p. 921 |
Natural Radioactive Decay Series | p. 924 |
Models for Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay | p. 924 |
Detectors of Radiation | p. 928 |
Radiation Measurement and Biological Effects | p. 931 |
Induced Transmutation and Reactions | p. 935 |
Nuclear Fission | p. 938 |
Back to the Future: Lisa Meitner and Nuclear Fission | p. 942 |
Nuclear Fusion | p. 943 |
Lasers, Holography, and Color | p. 949 |
Stimulated Emission of Light | p. 950 |
Lasers | p. 951 |
The Helium-Neon Laser | p. 953 |
Properties of Laser Light | p. 955 |
Holography | p. 957 |
Light and Color | p. 962 |
Physics in Practice: White-Light Holograms | p. 963 |
Color by Addition and Subtraction | p. 965 |
Condensed Matter | p. 973 |
Types of Condensed Matter | p. 974 |
The Free-Electron Model of Metals | p. 977 |
Physics in Practice: Liquid Crystal Displays | p. 978 |
Electrical Conductivity and Ohm's Law | p. 981 |
Band Theory of Solids | p. 984 |
Pure Semiconductors | p. 987 |
The Hall Effect | p. 988 |
Impure Semiconductors | p. 990 |
The pnJunction | p. 991 |
Rectifier Circuits | p. 993 |
Solar Cells and Light-Emitting Diodes | p. 996 |
Elementary Particle Physics | p. 1003 |
Particles and Antiparticles | p. 1004 |
Pions and the Strong Nuclear Force | p. 1006 |
Back to the Future: Cosmic Rays | p. 1007 |
More and More Particles | p. 1009 |
Accelerators and Detectors | p. 1011 |
Classification of Elementary Particles | p. 1013 |
The Quark Model of Matter | p. 1015 |
Unified Theories | p. 1018 |
Cosmology | p. 1019 |
Appendices | |
Formulas from Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry | p. 1 |
The International System of Units | p. 4 |
Alphabetical List of Elements | p. 5 |
Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems | p. 6 |
Photo Credits | p. 1 |
Index | p. 1 |
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