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| Foreward | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Overview | |
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| Codes and Regulations and the Construction Team | |
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| Traditional Roles | |
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| Traditional Role of Building Owners, Architects, Engineers, and Contractors | |
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| Design-Bid-Build Process | |
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| Design-Build Process | |
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| Traditional Role of Building Product Manufacturers and Suppliers | |
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| Traditional Role of Building Codes and Standards | |
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| Traditional Role of Building Officials | |
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| Traditional Role of Owners and Building Managers | |
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| How the Construction Team Functioned in the Pre-9/11 World | |
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| Challenges Facing the Construction Team: Revising Codes and Standards, Redefining Roles and Responsibilities | |
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| A World Transformed: The Impact of 9/11 and Large-Scale Natural Disasters on the Construction Team and Construction Codes and Standards | |
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| The Construction Team's National Response to 9/11 and Actions to Meet the Challenges of Future Large-Scale Disasters | |
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| Private Sector Response and Actions | |
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| Building and Fire Codes and Standards | |
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| Public Sector Actions to 9/11 | |
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| Work of the Federal Government: White House, Congress, and Federal Agencies | |
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| Expansion of Existing Projects | |
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| New Federal Initiatives | |
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| State and Local Government Actions | |
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| Collaborative Public-Private Sector Initiatives: The All Hazards approach and Call for Regional Preparedness, Response, and Recovery | |
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| Findings from the World Trade Center Towers Collapse and Other Post-9/11 Disasters: What Is It That We Want Buildings to Do? | |
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| What Is It That 9/11 Taught Us? A Look at the NIST World Trade Center Report | |
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| Findings and Recommendations as a Reflection on What Is Currently Available | |
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| The Codes and Standards Provisions in Place in the World Trade Center Towers on 9/11 and Unique Construction Elements | |
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| Unique Construction Elements | |
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| Impact of Aircraft, Resultant Fires, Evacuations, and Collapse | |
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| NIST Findings Concerning Structural and Fire Safety | |
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| Egress Issues | |
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| NIST Findings on Operational Codes, Standards, and Practices | |
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| NIST 30 Recommendations | |
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| Relevance of the NIST Findings and Recommendations to an All Hazards Approach toward Construction | |
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| Lessons from the Attack on the Pentagon | |
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| Original Construction of Pentagon | |
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| Pentagon Retrofit | |
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| Areas for Future Research | |
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| Lessons from the Anthrax Attacks | |
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| Lessons from Natural Disasters: 2004 and 2005 Hurricane Seasons | |
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| Application of Lessons Learned | |
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| What Provisions Are Currently Available in Our Codes, Standards, and Other Documents to Protect the Public? | |
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| Existing Guidelines, Codes and Standards and How They Protect Buildings and the Public from Disasters | |
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| Overview | |
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| Beginning with the End in Mind: Assessing Risk, Threats, and Mitigation Strategies | |
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| Seeking a Balanced Approach | |
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| Risk Assessment Tools | |
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| Beginning with the End in Mind: To Know What To Do We Must Assess Risk | |
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| Background on Risk Assessment | |
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| Federal Risk Assessment Tools: General Services Administration, Federal Emergency Management Agency, National Institute of Justice, and National Institute of Standards and Technology | |
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| The General Services Administration's Approach toward Risk Assessment | |
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| Department of Justice and General Services Administration Risk Assessment and Building Classifications | |
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| Federal Emergency Management Agency Risk Assessment Tools and a Common Approach | |
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| Common Steps in Risk Assessment: A Basic Approach for Building Owners and Owners of Companies | |
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| The Federal Emergency Management Agency Hazard Risk Assessment Software Tool-HAZUS: Assessing Natural Disaster Risks | |
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| National Institute of Justice: Assessment Tools | |
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| National Institute of Standards and Technology: "Cost-Effective Responses to Terrorist Risks in Constructed Facilities" | |
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| Private Sector Assessment Guides | |
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| Risk Management Methodology from the Report of the American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers | |
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| American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers' "One Approach to Risk Management" | |
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| Other Current Private Sector Risk Management Processes | |
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| Combining Tools from Public and Private Sector Tools | |
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| Summary of Benefits of Conducting a Risk-Threat Analysis | |
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| Constraints on Undertaking Risk-Threat Analysis | |
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| Existing Construction Standards, Codes, Practices, and Guidelines that Promote Security and Disaster Resilience in New Construction | |
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| Overview of Guidelines, Codes, and Standards for Building Security in New Construction: Crime and Terrorism | |
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| Basic Security Principles | |
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| Selecting the Best Approach or a Blend of Guidelines, Standards, and Codes | |
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| Building Security Design Guides | |
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| Guidelines for External Protection of the New Building: The Outer Ring of Defense | |
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| Perimeter Security to Prevent or Delay Attack | |
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| Building Group 1: Buildings with Varying Levels of Risk from Crime but Low Level of Risk from Terrorism | |
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| Perimeter Security Building Group 2: Buildings with Moderate to High Risk from Terrorism and Varying Levels of Risk from Crime | |
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| FEMA 430: "Primer for Incorporating Building Security Components in Architectural Design" | |
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| Building Type 2-Guidelines for Protection: The Outer Ring | |
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| Characteristics of the Surrounding Area: Beyond the Outer Ring and Their Impact on Determining the Level of Outer Ring Security for the Building | |
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| Checklist for Surrounding Area Characteristics | |
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| Other Resources for Defending the Outer Ring for High-Risk Structures | |
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| Codes and Standards and the Outer Ring | |
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| The Inner Ring-Building Type 2 | |
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| Security Inside the Outer Ring: Protection from Blast and Progressive Collapse | |
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| Understanding Blast and Its Impact on Building Exteriors and Interiors | |
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| Guidelines for Protecting the Structure from Progressive Collapse | |
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| Guidelines for Protecting the Interior of the Building from Other Blast Damage | |
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| Guidelines to Reduce Blast Effects | |
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| Guidelines for Protecting Windows | |
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| Protection of Other Areas Against Blast: Doors, Roof, and Other Parts of the Building | |
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| Internal Building Security: Protecting the Building from Internal and External Biochemical Attack | |
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| The Indoor Air Environment | |
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| Other Approaches | |
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| Guidelines, Codes, and Standards to Enhance Protection from Natural Disasters: Seismic, Wind, and Flood | |
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| What Level Do You Build to? What Features to Include? | |
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| High Levels of Risk from One or More Natural Disasters | |
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| Resources for Seismic Events: FEMA, NEHRP, Model Codes and "Whole Building Design Guide | |
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| Resources for Winds and Floods: Other Jurisdiction, Model Codes, and FEMA | |
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| Recent Changes by States and Major Cities to Their Codes, Statutes, and Ordinances | |
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| New York City | |
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| Chicago | |
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| Los Angeles | |
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| Pittsburgh | |
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| Florida | |
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| Proposals and Provisions in Future Editions of Building and Fire Codes for New Construction | |
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| The Critical Role of the Construction Team | |
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| Existing Buildings: Inspections and Retrofitting | |
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| Setting the Stage: An Introduction to Existing Buildings and the Unique Problems and Hazards They Face | |
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| After 9/11: What Has Really Changed? | |
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| The Sheer Size of Our Existing Infrastructure | |
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| The Complexity of Mitigating Vulnerabilities and Risks to Natural and Man-Made Hazards and Threats | |
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| Hippocratic Oath: First Do No Harm | |
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| What Do You Want the Building to Do? | |
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| Life-Cycle Cost Perspective | |
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| The Critical Role of Inspections Commissioned by the Owner: Understanding the Existing Building Top to Bottom | |
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| Understanding the Base Construction Code Provisions that Underlie Renovation or Rehabilitation of Existing Structures | |
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| Overview of the Basic Security Principles for Existing Structures | |
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| Rings Of Defense: The Challenges for Existing Buildings | |
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| Applying Risk-Threat Analysis and Mitigation Plan to Existing Buildings | |
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| Selecting the Best Approach or a Blend of Guidelines, Standards, and Codes for Existing Buildings | |
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| Guidelines for External Protection of Existing Buildings: The Outer Ring of Defense | |
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| Perimeter Security to Prevent or Delay Attack | |
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| Buildings with Varying Levels of Risk from Crime but Low Levels of Risk from Terrorism | |
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| The Inner Ring for the Low-Risk Building | |
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| Existing Buildings with Varying Levels of Risk from Crime and Moderate to High Risk from Terrorism | |
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| Guidelines for Considering Reorientation of Building Functions on the Existing Site | |
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| Guidelines for Protection: The Outer Ring of an Existing Building | |
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| The Inner Ring | |
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| Guidelines for Protecting the Interior of the Building from Other Blast Damage | |
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| Internal Building Security: Protecting an Existing Building from Internal and External Biochemical Attack | |
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| The Indoor Air Environment | |
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| Redesign and Program Considerations for Protecting Buildings and Their Occupants from External and Internal Release of Biochemical Agents | |
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| Relocation of Outdoor Air Intakes | |
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| Emergency Egress: Currently Available Codes and Future Trends | |
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| Guidelines, Codes, and Standards to Enhance Protection from Natural Disasters: Seismic, Wind, and Flood | |
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| High Levels of Risk from One or More Natural Disasters | |
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| Recent Changes by States and Major Cities to Their Codes, Statutes, and Ordinances for Existing Buildings | |
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| New York City | |
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| Chicago | |
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| The Critical Role of the Construction Team Revisited | |
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| Addressing New Issues: Viewing the Building as a Complete Life-Cycle System | |
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| Overview | |
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| Homeland Security and the Issues of Energy, Sustainability, Environment, Accessibility and New Products, Materials and Techniques | |
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| The Department of Homeland Security: Its Structure, Programs, and Relationship to the Built Environment | |
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| Department of Homeland Security Structure | |
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| Policies That Impact the Construction Industry and Built Environment | |
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| National Infrastructure Protection Plan and 17 Different Infrastructures | |
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| Shift in Focus within DHS and Critical Infrastructure Community | |
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| Blue Cascades III and the Need for Disaster Resiliency | |
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| Resources and Best Practices: TISP and the Guide to Regional Disaster Resilience | |
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| Homeland Security and Our Nation's Resilience Written Large: What Is It That Keeps Us Safe and Secure? | |
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| Issues Impacting the Construction Team and Built Environment | |
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| Energy and Environmental Quality as Part of Homeland Security | |
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| Green as a Part of Homeland Security | |
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| Building Green from Market Niche to Mainstream | |
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| Sustainable Building Industry Council's Programs | |
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| Sick and Healthy Buildings | |
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| Changing Demographics and Accessibility (Emergency Egress) | |
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| Information Technology and Its Impact on Industry | |
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| Building Information Modeling and Three- and Four-Dimensional Virtual Design | |
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| Information Technology Applied to Regulatory Processes | |
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| Critical Role of New Products, Materials and Methods and Techniques | |
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| New Technologies in Existence or Under Development | |
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| New Products Existing or Under Development | |
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| Impact on the Construction Team | |
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| The Need to Write the Construction Team Larger: Insurance Industry, Banking Community, and Elected Officials | |
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| The Insurance Industry | |
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| The Banking Community | |
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| The Elected Officials | |
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| Partners in Disaster Resilience: Prevention, Response, Recovery | |
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| Where Does All of This Take Us between Now and 2025? | |
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| A World Transformed: A Vision of One Possible Future for the Construction Industry and Construction Team | |
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| At a Crossroads | |
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| The Scenario: One Possible Vision of the Future | |
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| The Construction Industry in 2025 | |
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| How Do We Get There? A Convergence | |
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| Growing Recognition of the Critical Role of Our Construction and Building Industry in a Time of National Need | |
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| 9/11: Public Safety and Competitiveness as Catalysts for Convergence | |
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| Toward a Common Vision for Enhanced Public Safety and Economic Competitiveness: Four Building Blocks That Already Are in Place | |
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| We Aren't Alone: Great Britain's "Rethinking Construction" and Disaster Resilience Efforts | |
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| Additional Building Blocks That Need to be Put in Place | |
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| Federal Government Becomes a Catalyst | |
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| Steps That Can Be Taken by the Construction Team to Fulfill This Vision | |
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| Time and Opportunity to Act | |
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| Resources, Web sites, and Chapter Notes | |
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| Objective | |
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| Resources: List of Agencies and Organizations | |
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| Federal Government | |
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| State Government | |
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| Local Government (County/Municipal/Townships) | |
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| Associations Representing Public Sector | |
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| Chapter Notes | |
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| Codes and Regulations and the Construction Team | |
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| The ICC International Codes | |
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| The NFPA Codes and Standards Development Process | |
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| Guide to More Effective and Efficient Codes Administration Charts | |
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| Challenges Facing the Construction Team: Revising Codes and Standards, Redefining Roles and Responsibilities | |
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| Findings from the World Trade Center Towers Collapse and Other Post-9/11 Disasters | |
| |
| |
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| Beginning with the End in Mind: Assessing Risk, Threats, and Mitigation Strategies | |
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| Existing Construction Standards, Codes, Practices, and Guidelines That Promote Security and Disaster Resilience in New Construction | |
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| Existing Buildings: Inspections And Retrofitting | |
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| Homeland Security and the Issues of Energy, Sustainability, Environment, Accessibility, and New Products, Materials, and Techniques | |
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| A World Transformed: A Vision of One Possible Future for the Construction Industry and Construction Team | |