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| Introduction | |
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| Biomolecules and Energy | |
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| Review of Molecular Forces | |
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| Formation of Hydrogen Bonds | |
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| Building Blocks and Reagents: Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids | |
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| Energy | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quiz | |
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| Cell Structures and Cell Division | |
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| The Barrier: Cell Membranes | |
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| The Genetic Material: The Nucleus | |
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| The Energy System: Mitochondria | |
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| Control of Cell Chemistry | |
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| Ribosomes | |
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum | |
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| Golgi Apparatus | |
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| Transporting Material and Waste Elimination | |
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| Cell Duplication-Mitosis | |
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| Sexual Reproduction-Meiosis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quiz | |
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| Information Methods of a Cell | |
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| History | |
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| Forming the Code | |
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| Coding for Proteins | |
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| Transcription | |
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| Mutations | |
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| Translation | |
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| The Rest of the DNA...Is It Junk? | |
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| One Gene, One Protein...NOT! | |
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| Control of Protein Production | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quiz | |
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| Genetics | |
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| Mendelian Genetics | |
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| Sex-Linked Characteristics | |
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| Inheritance of Characteristics Controlled by More Than One Gene or Pair of Alleles | |
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| Mutations | |
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| Genetic Diseases | |
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| Influence of Environment | |
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| Gene Therapy | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quiz | |
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| Immunology | |
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| Antigens | |
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| Antibodies | |
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| Structure of Antibodies | |
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| Cell-mediated Immunity | |
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| Immune Response to Proteins | |
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| Other Components of Immunity | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quiz | |
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| Immunotherapy and Other Bioengineering Applications | |
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| Nonspecific Immune Stimulation | |
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| Antisera | |
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| Monoclonal Antibodies | |
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| Nanobodies | |
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| A Library of Antibodies | |
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| ELISA | |
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| Other Assays Using Monoclonal Antibodies | |
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| Autoimmune Disease | |
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| Cancer | |
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| Addictive Disorders | |
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| Allograft Rejection | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quiz | |
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| Recombinant Techniques and Deciphering DNA | |
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| Recombinant Techniques | |
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| Deciphering DNA | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quiz | |
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| Proteomics | |
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| One Gene, More Than One Protein | |
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| Structure of Proteins | |
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| Protein Folding and Misfolding | |
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| Proteolysis-Protein Breakdown | |
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| Reducing Protein Misfolding in Bioengineered Systems | |
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| Famous Misfolded Proteins | |
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| Research into Protein Type and Function | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quiz | |
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| Reference | |
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| Stem Cells | |
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| Somatic Cells, Germ Cells, Stem Cells, Adult Stem Cells, and Embryonic Stem Cells | |
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| Adult Stem Cells | |
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| Embryonic Stem Cells | |
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| Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-Cloning | |
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| Controversy and Legal Constraints | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quiz | |
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| Medical Applications | |
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| Recombinant DNA | |
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| Vaccines | |
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| Production of rDNA Proteins Using Bacteria, Yeast Cells, and Mammalian Cells | |
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| Products from Transgenic Animals | |
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| Transgenic Plants/Biofarms | |
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| The rDNA Protein Market | |
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| Alternatives for Protein Therapeutics-Upcoming Technology | |
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| Protein Therapeutics/Protein Misfoldinq | |
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| Antisense Technology and Prevention of Viral Infections | |
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| Use of Ribozymes in Viral Infections and Cancer Therapy | |
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| Forensics | |
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| DNA Sequencing | |
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| Detection of Bacteria, Viruses, and Fungi | |
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| Detection of Mutations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quiz | |
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| References | |
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| Agricultural Applications | |
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| Current GM Crops | |
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| Herbicide Tolerance | |
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| Insect Resistance | |
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| Pathogen Resistance | |
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| Nutritional Enhancements | |
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| Hardiness | |
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| Control of Seeds | |
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| Other Controversies Involving GM Crops | |
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| Future GM Crops | |
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| Bioengineering of Livestock | |
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| Feeding the World | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quiz | |
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| References | |
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| Industrial and Environmental Applications | |
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| Use of Bioreagents in Industry | |
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| Finding Suitable Bioreagents | |
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| Modifying Enzymes and Molecule Sex | |
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| Inside or Outside of the Cell | |
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| Bioreactors | |
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| Environmental Applications-Hazardous Waste | |
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| Environmental Applications-Air Emissions | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quiz | |
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| References | |
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| The Future | |
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| The Legal Dilemmas | |
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| Public Confidence | |
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| The Issue of Labeling | |
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| Genetic Pollution | |
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| Bioethics | |
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| Developing Nations | |
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| Worst Case Scenarios | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quiz | |
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| References | |
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| Final Exam | |
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| Answers to Quiz and Exam Questions | |
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| Index | |