| To the Student | p. xii |
| Social Studies Pretest | p. 1 |
| Pretest Answer Key | p. 21 |
| Pretest Evaluation Chart | p. 24 |
| Critical Thinking Skills in Social Studies | |
| Comprehending Social Studies Materials | p. 27 |
| Summarizing the Main Idea | p. 27 |
| Restating Information | p. 33 |
| Identifying Implications | p. 39 |
| Applying Social Studies Concepts | p. 43 |
| Applying Given Ideas | p. 43 |
| Applying Remembered Ideas | p. 53 |
| Analyzing Social Studies Materials | p. 59 |
| Distinguishing Facts from Opinions and Hypotheses | p. 59 |
| Distinguishing Conclusions from Supporting Statements | p. 65 |
| Recognizing Information That is Designed to Persuade an Audience | p. 71 |
| Recognizing Unstated Assumptions | p. 73 |
| Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships | p. 79 |
| Recognizing the Point of View of a Writer in a Historical Account | p. 84 |
| Recognizing the Historical Context of a Text | p. 88 |
| Identifying Comparisons and Contrasts | p. 92 |
| Determining the Implications, Effects, and Value of Presenting Visual Data in Different Ways | p. 95 |
| Evaluating Social Studies Materials | p. 99 |
| Judging Information | p. 99 |
| Recognizing Values | p. 102 |
| Judging the Adequacy of Facts | p. 105 |
| Comparing and Contrasting Different Viewpoints | p. 110 |
| Recognizing Logical Fallacies and Identifying Faulty Reasoning | p. 113 |
| Themes in Social Studies | |
| Time, Continuity, and Change | p. 119 |
| Reading Political Maps | p. 119 |
| Physical Changes | p. 122 |
| Evolution of Language and Culture | p. 126 |
| The Growth of Urbanization | p. 128 |
| Implications of Growth | p. 131 |
| Violent vs. Nonviolent Change | p. 135 |
| Continuity and Change in the United States | p. 139 |
| Chapter Review | p. 153 |
| Places and People | p. 157 |
| Regional Organization | p. 161 |
| Physical Systems and How Humans Affect Them | p. 165 |
| Human Systems and Their Relationship to Environments | p. 169 |
| Places Made by People | p. 172 |
| Chapter Review | p. 177 |
| Power, Authority, and Governance | p. 183 |
| The Creation of a Democracy | p. 185 |
| The Challenges of a Democracy | p. 193 |
| The Role and Influence of Citizens in a Democracy | p. 204 |
| Chapter Review | p. 211 |
| Production, Distribution, and Consumption | p. 217 |
| Economic Systems | p. 218 |
| Development of the Modern Economy | p. 221 |
| Supply and Demand | p. 223 |
| Measures of Economic Activity | p. 224 |
| The Business Cycle | p. 228 |
| The Role of Government in the Economy | p. 231 |
| Financial Institutions | p. 235 |
| Personal Finances | p. 238 |
| Distribution of Wealth | p. 241 |
| Economic Development | p. 245 |
| Chapter Review | p. 248 |
| Science, Technology, and Society | p. 253 |
| Technology and Science | p. 253 |
| Community Life | p. 256 |
| Work | p. 261 |
| Health | p. 264 |
| Communication | p. 269 |
| Progress | p. 275 |
| Chapter Review | p. 277 |
| Global Connections | p. 283 |
| Spread of Civilization | p. 284 |
| The Importance of Trade | p. 288 |
| War and Conquest | p. 292 |
| Age of Exploration | p. 298 |
| Religions and Ideologies | p. 302 |
| Globalization | p. 308 |
| Addressing Worldwide Problems | p. 313 |
| Chapter Review | p. 321 |
| Historical Timeline | p. 327 |
| Social Studies Posttest | p. 331 |
| Posttest Answer Key | p. 353 |
| Posttest Evaluation Chart | p. 357 |
| Social Studies Practice Test | p. 359 |
| Practice Test Answer Key | p. 391 |
| Practice Test Evaluation Chart | p. 394 |
| Answer Key | p. 395 |
| Glossary | p. 415 |
| Index | p. 423 |
| Useful Websites | p. 427 |
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