Acknowledgments | p. xiii |
Introduction to Data Broadcasting | p. 1 |
The Growing Need for Data | p. 1 |
Traditional data applications | p. 2 |
Other data applications | p. 3 |
Metadata | p. 8 |
The Analog Transport | p. 10 |
Enter the Digital Transport | p. 11 |
Program and System Information | p. 12 |
Infrastructure for Broadcasting Data and Metadata | p. 13 |
Overview of This Book | p. 13 |
References | p. 15 |
Data Broadcast System Overview and Architectures | p. 17 |
Introduction | p. 17 |
The Basic Broadcast System | p. 17 |
Content generation (authoring) | p. 18 |
Emission | p. 19 |
Transmission | p. 23 |
Reception | p. 24 |
Data Broadcast Component Details | p. 24 |
Data server | p. 24 |
Emission multiplexor | p. 26 |
Data Broadcast Specific Architectures | p. 26 |
The traditional data broadcast model | p. 26 |
The asymmetrical (two-way) network model | p. 28 |
The content aggregation and distribution model | p. 30 |
The local data insertion model | p. 31 |
References | p. 31 |
MPEG-2 Transport Basics | p. 33 |
Brief History of MPEG | p. 33 |
The MPEG-2 Standard | p. 35 |
Justification and intent of the MPEG-2 standard | p. 35 |
MPEG-2 standard overview | p. 36 |
MPEG-2 specification layering | p. 37 |
The MPEG-2 Program Stream versus the MPEG-2 Transport Stream | p. 39 |
MPEG-2 Segmentation, Encapsulation, and Packetization | p. 40 |
The MPEG-2 Network Element Hierarchy | p. 41 |
The MPEG-2 Network and the MPEG-2 Transport Stream | p. 42 |
The MPEG-2 Program | p. 42 |
The MPEG-2 Program Element and the data elementary stream | p. 44 |
The elementary stream | p. 44 |
The MPEG-2 Transport Stream | p. 44 |
The MPEG-2 Transport Stream Packet | p. 45 |
MPEG-2 Transport Stream packet syntax | p. 46 |
The MPEG-2 Transport Stream NULL Packet | p. 51 |
Multiplex Concepts | p. 53 |
Adaptation_field Details | p. 54 |
Adaptation_field location and inclusion signaling | p. 54 |
Adaptation_field syntax | p. 55 |
Tables and Sections Explained | p. 62 |
The MPEG-2 Systems' private_section syntax | p. 63 |
MPEG-2 table_id | p. 68 |
Section segmentation and encapsulation | p. 69 |
Section packetization into MPEG-2 Transport Stream packets | p. 70 |
MPEG-2 Program Specific Information (PSI) | p. 75 |
The Program Association Table (PAT) | p. 76 |
Conditional Access Table (CAT) | p. 81 |
Program Map Table (PMT) | p. 84 |
MPEG-2 Packetized Elementary Stream (PES) Packets | p. 94 |
The MPEG-2 PES packet syntax | p. 94 |
Stream_id | p. 95 |
MPEG-2 PES packet segmentation, encapsulation, and packetization | p. 104 |
Stuffing and the MPEG-2 PES packet | p. 104 |
Descriptor Concepts | p. 104 |
Descriptor_tags | p. 106 |
MPEG-2 Digital Storage Media--Command and Control (DSM-CC) Basics | p. 108 |
The DSM-CC U-N Download Message Format | p. 109 |
DSM-CC transport requirements | p. 110 |
The DSMCC_section syntax | p. 110 |
DSMCC_section segmentation and packetization | p. 113 |
DSM-CC descriptors | p. 113 |
Error-Detection Mechanisms (CRCs and Checksums) | p. 114 |
MPEG-2 private_section CRC_32 | p. 115 |
MPEG-2 PES Packet CRC | p. 115 |
DSM-CC 32-bit checksum | p. 116 |
MPEG-2 Stuffing Mechanisms | p. 119 |
Stuffing using the adaptation_field | p. 119 |
MPEG-2 Transport Stream packet stuffing for sections | p. 120 |
MPEG-2 System Timing | p. 122 |
Timing model | p. 122 |
System Time Clock (STC) | p. 123 |
System clock frequency | p. 126 |
Program Clock Reference (PCR) | p. 126 |
Presentation Time Stamp (PTS) | p. 127 |
Decoding Time Stamp (DTS) | p. 127 |
Discontinuities (program transitions) | p. 128 |
Buffer Model | p. 129 |
Considerations for Private Fields and Ranges | p. 129 |
References | p. 130 |
Receiver Reference Model | p. 133 |
Data Broadcast System | p. 133 |
Data receiver overview | p. 135 |
Data network | p. 136 |
Data PSI Decoder | p. 137 |
Data Stream Decoder | p. 139 |
Display Model | p. 141 |
References | p. 142 |
Data Categorization | p. 143 |
The Basic Data Models | p. 143 |
Streams | p. 143 |
Files | p. 144 |
Groups of files | p. 144 |
Network datagrams | p. 144 |
User-defined data | p. 144 |
Timing Models (Synchronization) | p. 144 |
Asynchronous | p. 145 |
Synchronized | p. 145 |
Synchronous | p. 146 |
Mapping Data and Timing Models to ATSC Encapsulations | p. 146 |
References | p. 149 |
Announcement | p. 151 |
Review of Audio/Video Announcements | p. 151 |
Video/audio event metadata | p. 152 |
Program element and table organization | p. 153 |
Data Announcement Facilities | p. 156 |
Data event table | p. 157 |
Long term service table | p. 160 |
Data service descriptor | p. 162 |
PID Count Descriptor | p. 164 |
Data Service Announcement Scenarios | p. 164 |
Standalone data service scenario | p. 165 |
Related and coincident data service scenario | p. 165 |
Related and not coincident data service scenario | p. 166 |
Example | p. 166 |
Receiver Acquisition | p. 169 |
References | p. 170 |
Service Description Framework | p. 171 |
Purpose | p. 171 |
Motivations for an application signaling framework | p. 172 |
Overview | p. 172 |
Classification of application signaling data | p. 172 |
Carriage in ATSC transport streams | p. 173 |
Relationship between application signaling, MPEG-2 PSI, and ATSC PSIP | p. 176 |
Identification of Broadcast and Interactive Network Resources | p. 183 |
The Association Tag Descriptor | p. 184 |
The network resource table | p. 189 |
Scope of the association tag values in the PMT and the NRT | p. 201 |
Data Service Discovery: The Data Service Table | p. 202 |
The concept of application | p. 202 |
The data service table | p. 204 |
General Acquisition Model | p. 224 |
Implementation at the Head-End | p. 226 |
Provisioning of bandwidth for SDF | p. 226 |
Versioning | p. 228 |
Example | p. 229 |
References | p. 235 |
DSM-CC Download Protocol Encapsulation | p. 237 |
Overview of the DSM-CC Download Protocol | p. 237 |
Control messages | p. 238 |
Modules | p. 238 |
Layering | p. 239 |
Download Scenarios | p. 241 |
Asynchronous, non-flow controlled download | p. 241 |
Cyclic: data carousel | p. 242 |
Synchronized, nonstreaming download | p. 243 |
Streaming download | p. 244 |
Encapsulation Details | p. 244 |
MPEG-2 Transport Stream packet header | p. 244 |
download_descriptor | p. 246 |
transactionld | p. 246 |
downloadServerInitiate | p. 250 |
downloadInfoIndication message | p. 254 |
downloadCancel message | p. 260 |
downloadDataBlock message | p. 263 |
Descriptors | p. 268 |
Practical Details | p. 271 |
Segmentation | p. 272 |
Packetization | p. 273 |
Emission | p. 273 |
Examples | p. 274 |
Two-layer carousel download scenario | p. 275 |
Asynchronous download example | p. 288 |
Synchronized download example | p. 290 |
References | p. 293 |
Multiprotocol Encapsulation Using the DSMCC_addressable_section | p. 295 |
Introduction | p. 295 |
Network Encapsulation and Fragmentation | p. 296 |
DSMCC_addressable_section Syntax Development History | p. 298 |
Overview of the DSMCC_addressable_section Syntax | p. 299 |
Logical Link Control (LLC) protocol | p. 301 |
deviceld | p. 303 |
Scrambling control | p. 304 |
Maximum transmission unit (MTU) | p. 306 |
Syntax Definition | p. 306 |
MPEG-2 Transport Stream header syntax | p. 306 |
DSMCC_addressable_section Syntax | p. 308 |
MPEG-2 packetization of the DSMCC_addressable_section | p. 311 |
Signaling | p. 312 |
stream_type | p. 312 |
protocol_encapsulation | p. 312 |
The multiprotocol_encapsulation_descriptor | p. 313 |
A DSMCC_addressable_section Example | p. 315 |
References | p. 317 |
Asynchronous IP Multicast | p. 319 |
Scenario Considerations | p. 321 |
Insertion points | p. 321 |
Cooperating authors | p. 321 |
About SDP | p. 322 |
What is the Network? | p. 323 |
Organization of the Packet Streams | p. 324 |
Encapsulation | p. 327 |
Signaling | p. 330 |
Multiple taps in a single application of a single virtual channel | p. 331 |
Multiple IP multicast services on a single virtual channel | p. 334 |
Multiple IP multicast services on multiple virtual channels | p. 335 |
Example DST field settings | p. 336 |
Additional Signaling | p. 337 |
Signaling related virtual channels | p. 338 |
Announcement | p. 339 |
Descriptors | p. 339 |
Standalone service scenario | p. 340 |
Related and coincident service scenario | p. 342 |
Related and noncoincident service scenario | p. 342 |
Related with multiple noncoincident services scenario | p. 342 |
Putting It All Together | p. 343 |
Receiver Discovery Process | p. 345 |
Example Receiver Program | p. 346 |
Unresolved Issues | p. 347 |
References | p. 348 |
Synchronized Streaming Encapsulation | p. 349 |
Synchronization | p. 350 |
Encapsulation Details | p. 354 |
Comments about important syntax elements | p. 355 |
Practical Considerations | p. 360 |
Example | p. 362 |
References | p. 367 |
Synchronous Streaming Encapsulation | p. 369 |
Encapsulation Details | p. 371 |
Comments about important syntax elements | p. 378 |
Practical Considerations | p. 379 |
Example | p. 380 |
References | p. 385 |
Synchronized and Synchronous Multiprotocol Encapsulation | p. 387 |
Background | p. 387 |
Synchronized Multiprotocol Encapsulation | p. 388 |
Synchronization | p. 388 |
Encapsulation details | p. 389 |
Practical considerations | p. 397 |
Synchronous Multiprotocol Encapsulation | p. 398 |
Encapsulation details | p. 399 |
Practical considerations | p. 408 |
References | p. 409 |
The Data Piping Protocol | p. 411 |
Data Piping Segmentation, Encapsulation, and Packetization | p. 411 |
Signaling | p. 412 |
stream_type | p. 412 |
protocol_encapsulation | p. 413 |
Data Piping Example | p. 413 |
References | p. 415 |
Transport System Target Decoder Buffer Models | p. 417 |
Purpose | p. 417 |
Characterization of data elementary streams | p. 418 |
Constant delay model | p. 419 |
Buffer model for MPEG-2 system information | p. 421 |
Signaling of the ATSC Transport Stream Maximum Bit Rate | p. 422 |
Assumptions | p. 425 |
Buffer Model for Asynchronous Data Elementary Streams | p. 425 |
The model | p. 425 |
Buffer operations | p. 432 |
Implementation at the head-end | p. 435 |
Buffer Model for Synchronous Data Elementary Streams | p. 437 |
The model | p. 437 |
Buffer operations | p. 439 |
Implementation at the head-end | p. 442 |
Buffer Model for Synchronized Data Elementary Streams | p. 443 |
The model | p. 443 |
Buffer operations | p. 445 |
Data service levels | p. 449 |
Implementation at the head-end | p. 453 |
Future extensions | p. 454 |
References | p. 454 |
SMPTE 325M: Flow Control for Opportunistic Data Broadcast | p. 455 |
Basic Design Considerations | p. 457 |
SMPTE 325M Flow-Control Standard | p. 461 |
Intent of the SMPTE 325M standard | p. 462 |
Explanation of syntax and semantics | p. 462 |
Implementation recommendations | p. 465 |
References | p. 469 |
Synchronization Issues | p. 471 |
MPEG Timeline and Synchronization Mechanisms | p. 472 |
Description of the Tight Synchronization Problem | p. 474 |
Synchronization Solutions | p. 476 |
Simple solution | p. 476 |
Trigger solution | p. 479 |
Other Issues | p. 481 |
References | p. 482 |
Comparison of ATSC to ARIB and DVB | p. 483 |
ARIB Compared to ATSC | p. 485 |
Data and timing models | p. 485 |
Announcement | p. 485 |
Signaling | p. 485 |
Encapsulations | p. 485 |
DVB Compared to ATSC | p. 486 |
Data and timing models | p. 487 |
Announcement | p. 487 |
Signaling | p. 488 |
Encapsulations | p. 488 |
References | p. 489 |
ATSC Conditional Access Basics | p. 491 |
Conditional Access Essentials | p. 492 |
High-level end-to-end view of the ATSC conditional access system | p. 493 |
Terminology | p. 494 |
Non-enciphered elements | p. 495 |
MPEG-2 Transport Stream Security Model Overview | p. 496 |
The key sequence | p. 496 |
The MPEG-2 Transport Stream contents | p. 497 |
Entitlement Management Message (EMM) association | p. 497 |
Entitlement Control Message (ECM) association | p. 498 |
The MPEG-2 Transport Stream further detailed | p. 499 |
EMM and ECM delivery rate | p. 501 |
The ATSC Common Scrambling Standard | p. 501 |
Recommend Emission Station Architecture | p. 501 |
Receiver | p. 502 |
Security module | p. 502 |
Back channel (return channel) | p. 503 |
References | p. 503 |
ATSC Data Broadcast Standard | p. 505 |
Index | p. 599 |
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