| |
| |
Contributors | |
| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| |
Case History | |
| |
| |
Case History Script | |
| |
| |
| |
Entrance Tests | |
| |
| |
Introduction to the Entrance Tests | |
| |
| |
External Observation | |
| |
| |
Visual Acuity (VA): Minimum Legible | |
| |
| |
Visual Acuity (VA): Minimum Legible Using a LogMAR Chart | |
| |
| |
Visual Acuity (VA): Minimum Legible Using the Massachusetts Visual Acuity Test with Lea Symbols | |
| |
| |
Pinhole Visual Acuity | |
| |
| |
Amplitude of Accommodation: Push-Up Method | |
| |
| |
Color Vision | |
| |
| |
Cover Test | |
| |
| |
Stereopsis | |
| |
| |
Screening Stereopsis Using the Random Dot E | |
| |
| |
Worth 4 Dot | |
| |
| |
Near Point of Convergence (NPC) | |
| |
| |
Hirschberg Test | |
| |
| |
Bruckner Test | |
| |
| |
Extraocular Motilities (EOM) | |
| |
| |
Pupils | |
| |
| |
Screening Visual Fields | |
| |
| |
Finger Counting Visual Fields | |
| |
| |
Interpupillary Distance (PD) | |
| |
| |
Summary of Expected Findings | |
| |
| |
| |
Refraction | |
| |
| |
Introduction to Refraction | |
| |
| |
Lensometry | |
| |
| |
Keratometry | |
| |
| |
Introduction to the Phoropter | |
| |
| |
Static Retinoscopy | |
| |
| |
Routine Distance Subjective Refraction With the Phoropter | |
| |
| |
Step-by-Step Procedure for the Routine Distance Subjective Refraction with the Phoropter | |
| |
| |
| |
Monocular Distance Subjective Refraction | |
| |
| |
Initial MPMVA (Maximum Plus to Maximum Visual Acuity) | |
| |
| |
Initial Duochrome (Bichrome, Red-Green Test) | |
| |
| |
The Jackson Cross Cylinder (JCC) Test | |
| |
| |
Second Monocular MPMVA | |
| |
| |
| |
Binocular Balance | |
| |
| |
Binocular MPMVA | |
| |
| |
Use of the Trial Frame to Modify a Prescription | |
| |
| |
| |
Side Trips from the Routine Distance Subjective Refraction | |
| |
| |
Clock Chart (Sunburst Dial) | |
| |
| |
Jackson Cross Cylinder (JCC) Check Test for Uncorrected Astigmatism | |
| |
| |
Prism-Dissociated Duochrome Test | |
| |
| |
Sighting-Dominance Check | |
| |
| |
Trial Frame Refraction | |
| |
| |
Stenopaic Slit Refraction | |
| |
| |
Cycloplegic Refraction | |
| |
| |
Delayed Subjective Refraction | |
| |
| |
Convergence Controlled Refraction | |
| |
| |
Binocular Refraction With the Vectographic Slide | |
| |
| |
Humphriss Immediate Contrast Method | |
| |
| |
Infinity Balance | |
| |
| |
Mohindra's Near Retinoscopy | |
| |
| |
Determining the Add for the Presbyope | |
| |
| |
Septum Near Balance | |
| |
| |
Near Refinement of Cylinder Axis and Power Using the Borish Binocular Near Point Card | |
| |
| |
Modified Humphriss for Near Refinement of Cylinder Axis and Power | |
| |
| |
| |
Functional Tests | |
| |
| |
Introduction to Functional Tests | |
| |
| |
Distance Lateral Phoria by von Graefe Technique | |
| |
| |
Distance Vertical Phoria by von Graefe Technique | |
| |
| |
Horizontal Vergences at Distance | |
| |
| |
Vertical Vergences at Distance | |
| |
| |
Near Lateral Phoria by von Graefe Technique | |
| |
| |
Near Vertical Phoria by von Graefe Technique | |
| |
| |
Horizontal Vergences at Near | |
| |
| |
Vertical Vergences at Near | |
| |
| |
Fusional Vergence Facility at Near | |
| |
| |
Fused Cross Cylinder | |
| |
| |
Negative Relative Accommodation/Positive Relative Accommodation (NRA/PRA) | |
| |
| |
Accommodative Facility | |
| |
| |
Dynamic Retinoscopy: Monocular Estimation Method (MEM) | |
| |
| |
Dynamic Retinoscopy: Bell Retinoscopy | |
| |
| |
Amplitude of Accommodation: Minus Lens to Blur | |
| |
| |
Associated Phoria | |
| |
| |
Maddox Rod Phoria | |
| |
| |
Modified Thorington Phoria | |
| |
| |
4 [Delta] Base Out Test | |
| |
| |
| |
Ocular Health Assessment | |
| |
| |
Introduction to Ocular Health Assessment | |
| |
| |
Biomicroscopy (Slit Lamp) | |
| |
| |
Special Slit Lamp Procedures | |
| |
| |
Examination of the Anterior Chamber | |
| |
| |
Eversion of the Upper Lid | |
| |
| |
Corneal or Conjunctival Staining | |
| |
| |
Specular Reflection Technique | |
| |
| |
Sclerotic Scatter Technique | |
| |
| |
Instillation of Drops | |
| |
| |
Gonioscopy | |
| |
| |
Tear Break-Up Time | |
| |
| |
Schirmer Tests: Schirmer #1 Test and Basic Lacrimation Test | |
| |
| |
Cotton Thread Test | |
| |
| |
Fluorescein Clearance Test (or "Dye Disappearance Test") | |
| |
| |
Jones #1 (Primary Dye) Test | |
| |
| |
Direct Ophthalmoscopy | |
| |
| |
Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy | |
| |
| |
Scleral Depression | |
| |
| |
Fundus Biomicroscopy | |
| |
| |
Nerve Fiber Layer Evaluation | |
| |
| |
Retinal Evaluation with the Goldmann 3-Mirror Lens | |
| |
| |
Goldmann Applanation Tonometry | |
| |
| |
Non-Contact Tonometry | |
| |
| |
Amsler Grid | |
| |
| |
Tangent Screen | |
| |
| |
D-15 Color Test | |
| |
| |
Brightness Comparison Test | |
| |
| |
Photostress Recovery Time Test | |
| |
| |
Red Desaturation Test | |
| |
| |
Exophthalmometry | |
| |
| |
| |
Contact Lenses | |
| |
| |
Introduction to the Contact Lens Examination | |
| |
| |
Contact Lens Case History | |
| |
| |
Contact Lens External Examination | |
| |
| |
Inspection and Verification of Gas Permeable Contact Lenses | |
| |
| |
Base Curve Radius: Radiuscope | |
| |
| |
Base Curve Radius: Lensco-Meter | |
| |
| |
Back Vertex Power and Optical Quality | |
| |
| |
Lens Diameter and Optic Zone Diameter | |
| |
| |
Center Thickness | |
| |
| |
Edge Configuration | |
| |
| |
Surface Quality | |
| |
| |
Surface Wettability | |
| |
| |
Insertion, Removal, and Recentering of Gas Permeable Contact Lenses | |
| |
| |
Fit Assessment of Gas Permeable Contact Lenses: Biomicroscope | |
| |
| |
Fit Assessment of Gas Permeable Contact Lenses: Burton (UV) Lamp | |
| |
| |
Inspection and Verification of Soft Contact Lenses | |
| |
| |
Back Vertex Power | |
| |
| |
Surface Inspection: Films and Spots | |
| |
| |
Surface Inspection: Discoloration | |
| |
| |
Surface Inspection: Tears, Nicks, and Scratches | |
| |
| |
Insertion and Removal of Soft Contact Lenses | |
| |
| |
Fit Assessment of Soft Contact Lenses | |
| |
| |
Over-Refraction: Phoropter | |
| |
| |
Over-Refraction: Spectacle Trial Lenses | |
| |
| |
Evaluation of the Monovision Patient | |
| |
| |
| |
Systemic Health Screening | |
| |
| |
Introduction to Systemic Health Screening | |
| |
| |
Blood Pressure Evaluation (Sphygmomanometry) | |
| |
| |
Carotid Artery Evaluation | |
| |
| |
Orbital Auscultation | |
| |
| |
Lymph Node Evaluation | |
| |
| |
Paranasal Sinus Evaluation | |
| |
| |
Glucometry | |
| |
| |
| |
Cranial Nerve Screening | |
| |
| |
Introduction to Cranial Nerve Screening | |
| |
| |
Muscle Field With Red Lens, Ductions, and Saccades | |
| |
| |
Test for a Paretic Horizontal Muscle | |
| |
| |
Park's 3-Step Method | |
| |
| |
Dim-Bright Pupillary Test | |
| |
| |
Near (Accommodative) Response of the Pupil | |
| |
| |
Pupil Cycle Time | |
| |
| |
Pharmacological Tests of the Pupil | |
| |
| |
Trigeminal Nerve Function Test | |
| |
| |
Facial Nerve Function | |
| |
| |
Screening Tests for Cranial Nerves I, VIII, XI, and XII | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Index | |