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Preface | |
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Acknowledgements | |
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Introduction | |
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Laboratory Testing Program | |
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Common Laboratory Tests of Soil | |
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Laboratory Equipment | |
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Minimum requirements | |
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Calibration | |
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Manuals | |
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Accreditation | |
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Symbols and Units | |
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Book Outline | |
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Types of Soil Samples | |
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Introduction | |
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Subsurface Exploration | |
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Borings, test pits, and trenches | |
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Soil sampling | |
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Three Types of Soil Samples | |
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X-Ray Radiography of Soil Samples | |
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Soil Structure | |
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Transporting, Preserving, and Disposal of Soil Samples | |
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Transportation of soil samples | |
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Preserving soil samples | |
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Disposal of soil samples | |
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Problems | |
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Index Tests | |
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Introduction | |
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Three Basic Parts of Soil | |
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Water Content | |
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Test procedure | |
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Calculations | |
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Common errors | |
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Dissolved solids | |
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Temperature effects | |
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Unit Weight | |
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Test procedure | |
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Calculations | |
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Common errors | |
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Dry unit weight | |
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Buoyant unit weight | |
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Specific Gravity | |
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Test procedure | |
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Calculations | |
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Common errors | |
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Soluble solids | |
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Phase Relationships | |
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Volume of voids | |
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Void ratio and porosity | |
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Degree of saturation | |
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Useful relationships | |
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Relative Density | |
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Problems | |
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Particle Size Distribution and Atterberg Limits | |
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Introduction | |
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Particle Size Definitions | |
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Sieve Analysis | |
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Test procedure | |
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Calculations | |
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Common errors | |
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Hydrometer Analysis | |
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Test procedure | |
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Calculations | |
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Common errors | |
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Particle Size Distribution | |
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Atterberg Limits | |
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Test procedure | |
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Calculations | |
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Common errors | |
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Plasticity index and liquidity index | |
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Clay mineralogy and activity | |
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Problems | |
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Soil Classification | |
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Introduction | |
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Unified Soil Classification System | |
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Coarse-grained and fine-grained soils | |
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Group symbols | |
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Other descriptive terminology | |
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Inorganic Soil Classification System Based on Plasticity | |
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AASHTO Soil Classification System | |
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USDA Textural Soil Classification System | |
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Other Soil Classification Systems | |
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Example of Different Soil Classification Systems | |
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Organic Soil Classification | |
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Unusual Soil | |
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Problems | |
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Soil Settlement Analysis | |
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Introduction | |
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Oedometer Apparatus | |
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Collapsible Soil | |
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Introduction | |
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Test procedure | |
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Calculations | |
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Example of test data | |
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Common errors | |
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Collapse potential | |
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Consolidation Test | |
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Introduction | |
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Test procedure | |
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Settlement calculations | |
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Rate of consolidation | |
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Secondary compression | |
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Common errors | |
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Oedometer Apparatus for Other Soils | |
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Problems | |
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Expansive Soil | |
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Introduction | |
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Expansive Soil Factors | |
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Expansion Potential | |
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Introduction | |
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Index properties | |
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Expansion Index test | |
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HUD swell test | |
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Foundation design | |
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Swell Tests | |
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Introduction | |
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Test procedure | |
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Heave calculations | |
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Common errors and limitations | |
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Swelling of desiccated clays | |
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Swell Index | |
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Expansive Rock | |
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Problems | |
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Shear Strength of Cohesionless Soil | |
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Introduction | |
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Mohr-Coulomb Failure Law | |
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Typical Values of Effective Friction Angle | |
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Direct Shear Test | |
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Introduction | |
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Test procedure | |
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Calculations | |
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Example of test data | |
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Common errors and limitations | |
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Triaxial Test | |
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Problems | |
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Shear Strength of Cohesive Soil | |
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Introduction | |
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Triaxial Test | |
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Equipment | |
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Test procedure | |
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Calculations | |
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Example of test data | |
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Common errors and limitations | |
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Undrained Shear Strength s[subscript u] | |
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Introduction | |
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Unconfined compression test | |
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Vane shear test | |
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Sensitivity | |
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Consistency | |
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Undrained shear strength versus depth | |
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Normalized undrained shear strength s[subscript u]/[sigma superscript l subscript v] | |
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Undrained Shear Strength (c and [phis]) | |
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Introduction | |
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Unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression test | |
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Consolidated undrained triaxial compression test | |
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Effective Shear Strength | |
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Introduction | |
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Direct shear test | |
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Consolidated drained triaxial compression test | |
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Consolidated undrained triaxial compression test with pore water pressure measurements | |
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Factors Affecting Shear Strength | |
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Total Stress and Effective Stress Analyses | |
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Drained Residual Shear Strength | |
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Introduction | |
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Direct shear apparatus | |
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Torsional ring shear test | |
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Examples of test data | |
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Problems | |
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Laboratory Compaction Tests | |
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Introduction | |
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Modified Proctor Compaction Test | |
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Test procedure | |
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Calculations | |
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Example of test data | |
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Common errors and limitations | |
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Standard Proctor Compaction Test | |
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One-Point Proctor Test | |
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Oversize Particles | |
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Problems | |
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Field Density Tests | |
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Introduction | |
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Grading | |
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Sand Cone Test | |
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Calibration | |
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Test procedure | |
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Calculations | |
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Common errors and limitations | |
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Other Destructive Field Density Tests | |
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Balloon test | |
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Drive cylinder | |
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Test pit method | |
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Nondestructive Field Density Test | |
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Types of Fill | |
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Select import | |
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Uniform borrow | |
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Mixed borrow | |
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Borrow with oversize particles | |
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Frequency of Field Density Testing | |
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Problems | |
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Permeability Tests | |
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Introduction | |
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Factors affecting the coefficient of permeability | |
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Darcy's law | |
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Laboratory Permeability Tests | |
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Constant head permeameter | |
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Falling head permeameter | |
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Limitations of laboratory permeability tests | |
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Field Permeability Tests | |
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Percolation Tests for Sewage Disposal System | |
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Problems | |
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Other Common Soil Tests | |
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Introduction | |
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Soluble Sulfate | |
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Mechanisms of sulfate attack of concrete | |
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Sulfate resistance of concrete | |
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Laboratory testing | |
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Solubility Test | |
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Percent soluble soil particles | |
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Laboratory Tests for Pavement Design | |
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California bearing ratio | |
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R-value test | |
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Problems | |
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Aggregates | |
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Introduction | |
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Aggregate Properties | |
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Internal Moisture Content and Absorption | |
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Internal moisture content of coarse aggregates and oversize particles | |
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Absorption of coarse aggregates | |
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Bulk Specific Gravity | |
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Test procedure | |
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Calculations for coarse aggregates (SSD state) | |
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Calculations for coarse aggregates (dry state) | |
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Calculations for oversize particles | |
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Example of laboratory test data | |
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Problems | |
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Subsoil Profiles | |
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Introduction | |
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Examples of Subsoil Profiles | |
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References | |
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Glossaries | |
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Field Testing Terminology | |
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Laboratory Testing Terminology | |
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Terminology for Engineering Analysis and Computations | |
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Compaction and Grading Terminology | |
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Percolation Tests and Related Terminology | |
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Compaction and Grading Specifications | |
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Percolation Test Procedures | |
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Conversion Factors | |
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Solutions to Problems | |
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Laboratory Data Sheets | |
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Index | |