Preface | |
Acknowledgements | |
| p. 1 |
The Evolution of ATM | p. 3 |
Introduction | p. 4 |
Switching | p. 4 |
Circuit Switching | p. 4 |
Packet Switching | p. 5 |
Transmission | p. 7 |
The Evolution Communications Services | p. 8 |
Broadband ISDN | p. 9 |
B-ISDN Services | p. 10 |
Interactive Services | p. 10 |
Distribution Services | p. 11 |
Trends Driving the Development of ATM Technology | p. 12 |
Overview of This Book | p. 14 |
References | p. 14 |
ATM Technology Concepts | p. 17 |
Introduction | p. 18 |
ATM Transport and Switching | p. 18 |
The ATM Switching Concept | p. 20 |
Virtual Path Switching | p. 22 |
Virtual Channel Switching | p. 23 |
B-ISDN Network Architecture | p. 23 |
Reference Configuration at the UNI | p. 25 |
ATM Network Elements | p. 26 |
ATM Switching--An Example | p. 27 |
UNI Connection Topologies | p. 29 |
Point-to-Point Topologies | p. 29 |
Point-to-Multipoint Topologies | p. 30 |
Quality of Service | p. 32 |
ATM Signalling: On-Demand Connection Establishment | p. 35 |
Managing the Network | p. 38 |
ATM Network Management Reference Model | p. 39 |
Management Information Base | p. 41 |
Network Management Activities | p. 42 |
Configuring Network Elements | p. 42 |
Permanent Virtual Circuit Establishment | p. 42 |
Collection of Traffic Performance Statistics | p. 43 |
OAM Cell Loopback | p. 45 |
Fault Detection, Reporting, and Recovery | p. 45 |
References | p. 46 |
| p. 49 |
ATM Communications Protocols | p. 51 |
Introduction | p. 52 |
B-ISDN Protocol Reference Model | p. 52 |
B-ISDN Protocol Operation | p. 54 |
The Physical Layer | p. 56 |
Physical Media Dependent (PMD) Sublayer | p. 57 |
Transmission Convergence (TC) Sublayer | p. 57 |
Physical Layer SAP | p. 58 |
The ATM Layer | p. 58 |
ATM Cell Structure | p. 58 |
ATM Layer SAP | p. 62 |
ATM Adaptation Layer | p. 63 |
AAL Type 1 | p. 65 |
SAR Sublayer | p. 65 |
Convergence Sublayer | p. 65 |
AAL 1 SAP | p. 67 |
AAL Type 2 | p. 68 |
Common Part Sublayer | p. 69 |
Service Specific Convergence Sublayers | p. 72 |
AAL 2 SAP | p. 78 |
AAL Type 3/4 | p. 79 |
SAR Sublayer | p. 80 |
Convergence Sublayer | p. 81 |
Connectionless Network Service | p. 82 |
AAL 3/4 SAP | p. 84 |
AAL Type 5 | p. 85 |
SAR Sublayer | p. 86 |
Convergence Sublayer | p. 86 |
AAL 5 SAP | p. 87 |
Summary | p. 88 |
References | p. 89 |
ATM Signalling | p. 91 |
Introduction | p. 92 |
Signalling Protocol Architecture | p. 92 |
Overview of Signalling Architectures | p. 95 |
Private UNI | p. 95 |
Private NNI | p. 95 |
Public UNI | p. 95 |
NNI | p. 95 |
B-ICI | p. 96 |
ATM Connection Establishment | p. 97 |
Signalling VCC | p. 97 |
User Traffic SVC | p. 97 |
Signalling ATM Adaptation Layer | p. 98 |
Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol | p. 98 |
Service Specific Coordination Function at the UNI | p. 102 |
Service Specific Coordination Function at the NNI | p. 103 |
Public UNI Signalling | p. 109 |
Point-to-Multipoint Connection | p. 110 |
Point-to-Multipoint Connection | p. 112 |
Private Network to Network Interface Signalling | p. 115 |
Broadband ISDN User Part | p. 116 |
B-ISUP Specification Model | p. 117 |
Call Control and Bearer Connection Control | p. 118 |
Broadband Inter-Carrier Interface | p. 120 |
References | p. 120 |
Operations Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning | p. 123 |
Introduction | p. 124 |
Operations Administration and Maintenance | p. 126 |
OAM Levels and Flows | p. 126 |
Physical Layer OAM Flows | p. 128 |
ATM Layer OAM Flows | p. 128 |
Provisioning | p. 136 |
Integrated Local Management Interface | p. 137 |
References | p. 138 |
Traffic Management | p. 141 |
Introduction | p. 142 |
Quality of Service Parameters | p. 143 |
Sources of Delay | p. 145 |
Sources of CDV | p. 146 |
Measurement of QoS Parameters | p. 146 |
Factors Impacting QoS | p. 147 |
Traffic Parameters | p. 148 |
Peak Cell Rate | p. 149 |
Sustainable Cell Rate | p. 149 |
Maximum Burst Size | p. 149 |
Minimum Cell Rate | p. 149 |
ATM Service Categories | p. 150 |
Available Bit Rate Service | p. 152 |
RM Cell Format | p. 153 |
Usage Parameter Control | p. 155 |
Generic Cell Rate Algorithm | p. 157 |
Virtual Scheduling Algorithm | p. 157 |
Leaky Bucket Algorithm | p. 159 |
GCRA Example | p. 160 |
Traffic Contract and Conformance Definitions | p. 162 |
Conformance Definition for CBR Service | p. 163 |
Conformance Definition for rt-VBR Service | p. 163 |
Conformance Definition for nrt-VBR Service | p. 164 |
Conformance Definition for UBR Service | p. 164 |
Conformance Definition for ABR Service | p. 165 |
Measurements Associated With UPC/NPC | p. 166 |
Connection Admission Control | p. 166 |
Network Resource Management | p. 167 |
Traffic Shaping | p. 167 |
Selective Cell Discard | p. 168 |
Frame Discard | p. 168 |
Guaranteed Frame Rate Service | p. 168 |
References | p. 170 |
| p. 171 |
ATM Service Interworking | p. 173 |
Background | p. 174 |
Circuit Emulation Service | p. 176 |
Structured CES | p. 179 |
Basic CES | p. 181 |
CES with CAS | p. 181 |
ISDN CES | p. 186 |
Unstructured CES | p. 186 |
Variable Bit Rate CES | p. 187 |
ATM Trunking | p. 188 |
Channel Associated Signalling | p. 188 |
Narrowband ISDN Signalling | p. 191 |
CES Service Definition | p. 194 |
Frame Relay Service | p. 195 |
Frame Structure | p. 195 |
Frame Relay Service Specific Convergence Sublayer | p. 198 |
Discard Eligibility (Frame) To Cell Loss Priority (Cell) Mapping | p. 198 |
Forward Explicit Congestion Notification (Frame) to Explicit Forward Congestion Indication (Cell) Mapping | p. 199 |
Backward Explicit Congestion Notification (Frame) To Explicit Forward Congestion Indication (Cell) Mapping | p. 200 |
Frame Relay and ATM Interworking: Network View and Service View | p. 201 |
Implementation Agreement FRF.5 | p. 201 |
Implementation Agreement FRF.8 | p. 203 |
FRS Service Definition | p. 204 |
ATM Frame Based User to Network Interface | p. 206 |
Switched Multi-megabit Data Service | p. 207 |
SIP L3_PDU Encapsulation | p. 208 |
SMDS to ATM Mapping | p. 210 |
ATM Adaptation Layer | p. 210 |
SMDS Service Definition | p. 211 |
References | p. 212 |
IP Over ATM | p. 215 |
Addressing within ATM Networks | p. 216 |
Routing Within ATM Networks | p. 218 |
Discovery of Neighbors and Link Status | p. 220 |
Synchronization of Topology Databases | p. 221 |
Flooding of PTSEs | p. 221 |
Election of Peer Group Leader | p. 222 |
Summarization of Topology State Information | p. 223 |
Construction of the Routing Hierarchy | p. 224 |
Route Selection | p. 225 |
Classical IP over ATM | p. 226 |
Communication between Stations in the Same LIS | p. 227 |
Communication between Station in Different LIS' | p. 229 |
Next Hop Resolution Protocol | p. 230 |
LAN Emulation | p. 235 |
LANE Protocol Summary | p. 236 |
LANE Example | p. 238 |
Multicast IP Over ATM Networks | p. 241 |
Review of IP Multicasting | p. 241 |
ATM Multicast IP Configuration | p. 241 |
Multiprotocol over ATM | p. 244 |
MPOA Data Flow | p. 247 |
MPOA Communication Scenarios | p. 248 |
Case 5: MPOA Host (to MPOA Host, different ELANs | p. 249 |
Case 6: LAN Host to MPOA Host, different ELANs | p. 249 |
Case 7: MPOA Host to LAN Host, different ELANs | p. 249 |
Case 8: LAN Host to LAN Host via Edge Devices in different ELANs | p. 250 |
Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM | p. 250 |
LLC/SNAP Encapsulation | p. 251 |
VC Based Multiplexing | p. 251 |
Interaction between ATM Routing and IP Routing | p. 252 |
References | p. 252 |
TCP Over ATM | p. 255 |
Introduction | p. 256 |
TCP Features | p. 256 |
Sliding Window Flow Control | p. 256 |
TCP Window Size | p. 257 |
TCP Segment Size | p. 258 |
TCP Behavior | p. 259 |
Slow Start | p. 260 |
Congestion Avoidance | p. 260 |
Fast Retransmit | p. 261 |
TCP Performance | p. 262 |
TCP Performance Over ATM Networks | p. 262 |
QoS and TCP Performance | p. 263 |
Cell Dropping Strategies and TCP Performance | p. 263 |
Plain ATM | p. 264 |
Partial Packet Discard | p. 264 |
Early Packet Discard | p. 265 |
Limitations of PPD and EPD | p. 266 |
TCP Over ATM Performance: Empirical Results | p. 266 |
Simulation of TCP over ATM Performance | p. 267 |
TCP over ATM in a LAN Environment | p. 267 |
TCP over ATM in a Short Haul Environment | p. 269 |
Conclusion | p. 274 |
References | p. 275 |
ATM and the Internet | p. 277 |
Introduction | p. 278 |
Evolution of the Internet | p. 278 |
Internet Standards | p. 280 |
Internet Traffic Patterns | p. 280 |
The Integrated Services Internet | p. 282 |
Packet Scheduler | p. 283 |
Packet Discard | p. 285 |
Packet Classification | p. 288 |
Admission Control | p. 288 |
Resource Reservation Protocol | p. 289 |
Path Message | p. 291 |
Sender Tspec | p. 292 |
Adspec | p. 293 |
Resv Message | p. 295 |
Flowspec | p. 295 |
Initiation of an RSVP Session | p. 297 |
Integrated Internet Services Over ATM | p. 297 |
VC Management | p. 298 |
PVC Versus SVC | p. 298 |
ATM Multipoint and RSVP Heterogeneous Branch Points | p. 299 |
Dynamic "Soft State" Versus Static QoS | p. 301 |
Signalling Traffic | p. 302 |
Synchronizing ATM VC and RSVP States | p. 303 |
QoS Management | p. 303 |
Guaranteed Service | p. 303 |
Controlled Load Service | p. 305 |
Best Effort Service | p. 305 |
Traffic Tagging | p. 305 |
vBNS | p. 306 |
ATM Deployment At Internet Network Access Points | p. 308 |
IP/ATM and IP/SONET | p. 311 |
Protocol Efficiencies | p. 311 |
SONET Overhead | p. 311 |
IP/PPP/SONET Overhead | p. 311 |
IP/ATM/SONET Overhead | p. 312 |
Comparative Efficiencies IP/PPP/SONET versus IP/ATM | p. 313 |
Empirical Results | p. 313 |
IP/SONET versus IP/ATM: Which Is Better? | p. 314 |
References | p. 315 |
Voice Over ATM | p. 319 |
Introduction | p. 320 |
Voice over ATM to the Desktop | p. 320 |
Recommendation H.323--Voice over the Internet | p. 322 |
Description of H.323 | p. 324 |
Call Setup | p. 325 |
Initial Communication and Capibility Exchange | p. 327 |
Establishment of Audiovisual Communication | p. 327 |
Call Termination | p. 330 |
H.323 Over ATM | p. 330 |
Protocol Efficiency | p. 333 |
Interworking H.323 and Non-H.323 Terminals | p. 335 |
References | p. 335 |
| p. 337 |
Future Directions for ATM | p. 339 |
Introduction | p. 340 |
Managed Bandwidth Versus Infinite Bandwidth | p. 340 |
Emerging Applications | p. 342 |
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line | p. 342 |
Digital Television | p. 343 |
Wireless ATM | p. 344 |
BSC Interconnection | p. 344 |
ATM Interworking with PCS | p. 345 |
ATM over LMDS | p. 345 |
Future Challenges | p. 346 |
Acronyms | p. 349 |
Glossary | p. 355 |
Index | p. 375 |
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