Preface | p. xiii |
Preface to the First Edition | p. xv |
Introduction and Background | p. 1 |
Description of Fluid Motion | p. 1 |
Choice of Coordinate System | p. 2 |
Pathlines, Streak Lines, and Streamlines | p. 3 |
Forces in a Fluid | p. 4 |
Integral Form of the Fluid Dynamic Equations | p. 6 |
Differential Form of the Fluid Dynamic Equations | p. 8 |
Dimensional Analysis of the Fluid Dynamic Equations | p. 14 |
Flow with High Reynolds Number | p. 17 |
Similarity of Flows | p. 19 |
Fundamentals of Inviscid, Incompressible Flow | p. 21 |
Angular Velocity, Vorticity, and Circulation | p. 21 |
Rate of Change of Vorticity | p. 24 |
Rate of Change of Circulation: Kelvin's Theorem | p. 25 |
Irrotational Flow and the Velocity Potential | p. 26 |
Boundary and Infinity Conditions | p. 27 |
Bernoulli's Equation for the Pressure | p. 28 |
Simply and Multiply Connected Regions | p. 29 |
Uniqueness of the Solution | p. 30 |
Vortex Quantities | p. 32 |
Two-Dimensional Vortex | p. 34 |
The Biot-Savart Law | p. 36 |
The Velocity Induced by a Straight Vortex Segment | p. 38 |
The Stream Function | p. 41 |
General Solution of the Incompressible, Potential Flow Equations | p. 44 |
Statement of the Potential Flow Problem | p. 44 |
The General Solution, Based on Green's Identity | p. 44 |
Summary: Methodology of Solution | p. 48 |
Basic Solution: Point Source | p. 49 |
Basic Solution: Point Doublet | p. 51 |
Basic Solution: Polynomials | p. 54 |
Two-Dimensional Version of the Basic Solutions | p. 56 |
Basic Solution: Vortex | p. 58 |
Principle of Superposition | p. 60 |
Superposition of Sources and Free Stream: Rankine's Oval | p. 60 |
Superposition of Doublet and Free Stream: Flow around a Cylinder | p. 62 |
Superposition of a Three-Dimensional Doublet and Free Stream: Flow around a Sphere | p. 67 |
Some Remarks about the Flow over the Cylinder and the Sphere | p. 69 |
Surface Distribution of the Basic Solutions | p. 70 |
Small-Disturbance Flow over Three-Dimensional Wings: Formulation of the Problem | p. 75 |
Definition of the Problem | p. 75 |
The Boundary Condition on the Wing | p. 76 |
Separation of the Thickness and the Lifting Problems | p. 78 |
Symmetric Wing with Nonzero Thickness at Zero Angle of Attack | p. 79 |
Zero-Thickness Cambered Wing at Angle of Attack-Lifting Surfaces | p. 82 |
The Aerodynamic Loads | p. 85 |
The Vortex Wake | p. 88 |
Linearized Theory of Small-Disturbance Compressible Flow | p. 90 |
Small-Disturbance Flow over Two-Dimensional Airfoils | p. 94 |
Symmetric Airfoil with Nonzero Thickness at Zero Angle of Attack | p. 94 |
Zero-Thickness Airfoil at Angle of Attack | p. 100 |
Classical Solution of the Lifting Problem | p. 104 |
Aerodynamic Forces and Moments on a Thin Airfoil | p. 106 |
The Lumped-Vortex Element | p. 114 |
Summary and Conclusions from Thin Airfoil Theory | p. 120 |
Exact Solutions with Complex Variables | p. 122 |
Summary of Complex Variable Theory | p. 122 |
The Complex Potential | p. 125 |
Simple Examples | p. 126 |
Uniform Stream and Singular Solutions | p. 126 |
Flow in a Corner | p. 127 |
Blasius Formula, Kutta-Joukowski Theorem | p. 128 |
Conformal Mapping and the Joukowski Transformation | p. 128 |
Flat Plate Airfoil | p. 130 |
Leading-Edge Suction | p. 131 |
Flow Normal to a Flat Plate | p. 133 |
Circular Arc Airfoil | p. 134 |
Symmetric Joukowski Airfoil | p. 135 |
Airfoil with Finite Trailing-Edge Angle | p. 137 |
Summary of Pressure Distributions for Exact Airfoil Solutions | p. 138 |
Method of Images | p. 141 |
Generalized Kutta-Joukowski Theorem | p. 146 |
Perturbation Methods | p. 151 |
Thin-Airfoil Problem | p. 151 |
Second-Order Solution | p. 154 |
Leading-Edge Solution | p. 157 |
Matched Asymptotic Expansions | p. 160 |
Thin Airfoil between Wind Tunnel Walls | p. 163 |
Three-Dimensional Small-Disturbance Solutions | p. 167 |
Finite Wing: The Lifting Line Model | p. 167 |
Definition of the Problem | p. 167 |
The Lifting-Line Model | p. 168 |
The Aerodynamic Loads | p. 172 |
The Elliptic Lift Distribution | p. 173 |
General Spanwise Circulation Distribution | p. 178 |
Twisted Elliptic Wing | p. 181 |
Conclusions from Lifting-Line Theory | p. 183 |
Slender Wing Theory | p. 184 |
Definition of the Problem | p. 184 |
Solution of the Flow over Slender Pointed Wings | p. 186 |
The Method of R. T. Jones | p. 192 |
Conclusions from Slender Wing Theory | p. 194 |
Slender Body Theory | p. 195 |
Axisymmetric Longitudinal Flow Past a Slender Body of Revolution | p. 196 |
Transverse Flow Past a Slender Body of Revolution | p. 198 |
Pressure and Force Information | p. 199 |
Conclusions from Slender Body Theory | p. 201 |
Far Field Calculation of Induced Drag | p. 201 |
Numerical (Panel) Methods | p. 206 |
Basic Formulation | p. 206 |
The Boundary Conditions | p. 207 |
Physical Considerations | p. 209 |
Reduction of the Problem to a Set of Linear Algebraic Equations | p. 213 |
Aerodynamic Loads | p. 216 |
Preliminary Considerations, Prior to Establishing Numerical Solutions | p. 217 |
Steps toward Constructing a Numerical Solution | p. 220 |
Example: Solution of Thin Airfoil with the Lumped-Vortex Element | p. 222 |
Accounting for Effects of Compressibility and Viscosity | p. 226 |
Singularity Elements and Influence Coefficients | p. 230 |
Two-Dimensional Point Singularity Elements | p. 230 |
Two-Dimensional Point Source | p. 230 |
Two-Dimensional Point Doublet | p. 231 |
Two-Dimensional Point Vortex | p. 231 |
Two-Dimensional Constant-Strength Singularity Elements | p. 232 |
Constant-Strength Source Distribution | p. 233 |
Constant-Strength Doublet Distribution | p. 235 |
Constant-Strength Vortex Distribution | p. 236 |
Two-Dimensional Linear-Strength Singularity Elements | p. 237 |
Linear Source Distribution | p. 238 |
Linear Doublet Distribution | p. 239 |
Linear Vortex Distribution | p. 241 |
Quadratic Doublet Distribution | p. 242 |
Three-Dimensional Constant-Strength Singularity Elements | p. 244 |
Quadrilateral Source | p. 245 |
Quadrilateral Doublet | p. 247 |
Constant Doublet Panel Equivalence to Vortex Ring | p. 250 |
Comparison of Near and Far Field Formulas | p. 251 |
Constant-Strength Vortex Line Segment | p. 251 |
Vortex Ring | p. 255 |
Horseshoe Vortex | p. 256 |
Three-Dimensional Higher Order Elements | p. 258 |
Two-Dimensional Numerical Solutions | p. 262 |
Point Singularity Solutions | p. 262 |
Discrete Vortex Method | p. 263 |
Discrete Source Method | p. 272 |
Constant-Strength Singularity Solutions (Using the Neumann B.C.) | p. 276 |
Constant Strength Source Method | p. 276 |
Constant-Strength Doublet Method | p. 280 |
Constant-Strength Vortex Method | p. 284 |
Constant-Potential (Dirichlet Boundary Condition) Methods | p. 288 |
Combined Source and Doublet Method | p. 290 |
Constant-Strength Doublet Method | p. 294 |
Linearly Varying Singularity Strength Methods (Using the Neumann B.C.) | p. 298 |
Linear-Strength Source Method | p. 299 |
Linear-Strength Vortex Method | p. 303 |
Linearly Varying Singularity Strength Methods (Using the Dirichlet B.C.) | p. 306 |
Linear Source/Doublet Method | p. 306 |
Linear Doublet Method | p. 312 |
Methods Based on Quadratic Doublet Distribution (Using the Dirichlet B.C.) | p. 315 |
Linear Source/Quadratic Doublet Method | p. 315 |
Quadratic Doublet Method | p. 320 |
Some Conclusions about Panel Methods | p. 323 |
Three-Dimensional Numerical Solutions | p. 331 |
Lifting-Line Solution by Horseshoe Elements | p. 331 |
Modeling of Symmetry and Reflections from Solid Boundaries | p. 338 |
Lifting-Surface Solution by Vortex Ring Elements | p. 340 |
Introduction to Panel Codes: A Brief History | p. 351 |
First-Order Potential-Based Panel Methods | p. 353 |
Higher Order Panel Methods | p. 358 |
Sample Solutions with Panel Codes | p. 360 |
Unsteady Incompressible Potential Flow | p. 369 |
Formulation of the Problem and Choice of Coordinates | p. 369 |
Method of Solution | p. 373 |
Additional Physical Considerations | p. 375 |
Computation of Pressures | p. 376 |
Examples for the Unsteady Boundary Condition | p. 377 |
Summary of Solution Methodology | p. 380 |
Sudden Acceleration of a Flat Plate | p. 381 |
The Added Mass | p. 385 |
Unsteady Motion of a Two-Dimensional Thin Airfoil | p. 387 |
Kinematics | p. 388 |
Wake Model | p. 389 |
Solution by the Time-Stepping Method | p. 391 |
Fluid Dynamic Loads | p. 394 |
Unsteady Motion of a Slender Wing | p. 400 |
Kinematics | p. 401 |
Solution of the Flow over the Unsteady Slender Wing | p. 401 |
Algorithm for Unsteady Airfoil Using the Lumped-Vortex Element | p. 407 |
Some Remarks about the Unsteady Kutta Condition | p. 416 |
Unsteady Lifting-Surface Solution by Vortex Ring Elements | p. 419 |
Unsteady Panel Methods | p. 433 |
The Laminar Boundary Layer | p. 448 |
The Concept of the Boundary Layer | p. 448 |
Boundary Layer on a Curved Surface | p. 452 |
Similar Solutions to the Boundary Layer Equations | p. 457 |
The von Karman Integral Momentum Equation | p. 463 |
Solutions Using the von Karman Integral Equation | p. 467 |
Approximate Polynomial Solution | p. 468 |
The Correlation Method of Thwaites | p. 469 |
Weak Interactions, the Goldstein Singularity, and Wakes | p. 471 |
Two-Equation Integral Boundary Layer Method | p. 473 |
Viscous-Inviscid Interaction Method | p. 475 |
Concluding Example: The Flow over a Symmetric Airfoil | p. 479 |
Enhancement of the Potential Flow Model | p. 483 |
Wake Rollup | p. 483 |
Coupling between Potential Flow and Boundary Layer Solvers | p. 487 |
The Laminar/Turbulent Boundary Layer and Transition | p. 487 |
Viscous-Inviscid Coupling, Including Turbulent Boundary Layer | p. 491 |
Influence of Viscous Flow Effects on Airfoil Design | p. 495 |
Low Drag Considerations | p. 498 |
High Lift Considerations | p. 499 |
Flow over Wings at High Angles of Attack | p. 505 |
Flow Separation on Wings with Unswept Leading Edge - Experimental Observations | p. 508 |
Flow Separation on Wings with Unswept Leading Edge - Modeling | p. 510 |
Flow Separation on Wings with Highly Swept Leading Edge - Experimental Observations | p. 516 |
Modeling of Highly Swept Leading-Edge Separation | p. 523 |
Possible Additional Features of Panel Codes | p. 528 |
Airfoil Integrals | p. 537 |
Singularity Distribution Integrals | p. 540 |
Principal Value of the Lifting Surface Integral I[subscript L] | p. 545 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |