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| Introduction | |
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| Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice | |
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| Defining delinquency | |
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| What is delinquency? | |
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| Who is a juvenile? | |
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| Who is a delinquent? | |
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| Measuring delinquency: issues and insights | |
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| Crime, delinquency, and the media | |
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| Science and research designs | |
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| Reporting systems for delinquency | |
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| Uniform Crime Reports | |
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| National juvenile court statistics | |
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| Other sources of information about delinquents and delinquency | |
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| Responding to delinquency and delinquents | |
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| Law enforcement | |
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| Courts | |
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| Corrections | |
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| Providing for juvenile justice: A national perspective | |
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| Governmental committees and commissions | |
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| Permanent governmental and quasi-governmental agencies | |
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| Professional organizations | |
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| Private foundations/interest groups | |
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| SummaryCritical review questions | |
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| Recommended readings | |
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| Key terms | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on Juvenile Justice | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historical status of children: The evolution of childhood | |
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| Children in Rome and the Middle Ages | |
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| The emergence of "childhood" in the Renaissance and Protestant Reformation | |
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| Between childhood and adulthood: Creating adolescence | |
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| Defining the "good child" in early American history: 1620-1870 | |
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| Adolescents and delinquents: 1870-1900 | |
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| The juvenile court: A new system for a new century | |
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| The Industrial Revolution | |
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| Immigration and urbanization | |
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| The Progressive Era | |
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| Explaining delinquency | |
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| Historical views | |
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| Spiritual and natural explanations: Precursors of modern crime theories | |
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| Crime and deterrence | |
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| Crime and biology | |
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| Explaining delinquency | |
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| Psychological and sociologicaltheories | |
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| Delinquency and psychology | |
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| Delinquency, sociology and the control of delinquency | |
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| Delinquency, sociology and delinquency as a learned behavior | |
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| Delinquency, sociology and the role of power | |
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| Explaining delinquency | |
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| Theoretical eclecticism and pragmatism | |
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| Juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice: A modest proposal | |
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| Summary | |
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| Critical review questions | |
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| Recommended readings | |
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| Key terms | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| Juvenile Offenders and Police Processes | |
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| Introduction | |
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| A brief history of police work with juveniles | |
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| Police roles with juvenile offenders | |
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| Police styles | |
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| The police as gatekeepers | |
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| Police discretion | |
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| Police and juvenile contacts | |
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| Juvenile crime victims | |
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| The police response | |
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| Citizen-initiated encounters | |
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| Family-initiated encounters | |
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| School-initiated encounters | |
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| Police-initiated encounters | |
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| Arrest and restraint | |
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| Police use of force | |
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| Police identification procedures | |
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| Police record keeping | |
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| Investigation of juvenile offenses | |
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| The interrogation environment | |
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| Personal characteristics of the suspect | |
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| Traffic versus criminal offenses | |
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| Police-school interactions | |
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| School police departments | |
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| Police officers in the schools | |
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| Innovative Police-Juvenile Interaction Programs | |
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| Police operations programs | |
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| Emerging police roles | |
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| SummaryCritical review questions | |
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| Recommended readings | |
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| Key terms | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| Preadjudication Detention and Diversion Program | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Reasons for detention | |
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| Places of detention | |
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| Juvenile detention centers | |
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| Adult jails | |
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| Police lockups | |
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| Detention decision making | |
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| Detention hearings | |
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| Alternatives to detention | |
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| Alternatives to adjudication | |
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| Diversionary philosophy | |
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| Diversionary purposes | |
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| Diversionary programs | |
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| The creation of a "second system" | |
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| Why choose diversion? | |
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| Operational perspectives | |
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| Results of diversion efforts | |
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| SummaryCritical review questions | |
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| Recommended readings | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| References | |
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| Notes | |
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| Juvenile Court Processes | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Age and the law | |
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| A new court is established | |
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| The Industrial Revolution | |
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| Immigration | |
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| The Progressive Era | |
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| Parens patriae | |
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| Jurisdiction of the juvenile court | |
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| Geographical jurisdiction | |
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| Age jurisdiction | |
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| Subject matter jurisdiction | |
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| The actors in the juvenile courts | |
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| Judges in juvenile courts | |
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| Juvenile court prosecutors | |
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| Defense Attorneys | |
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| Intake workers/probation officers | |
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| Detention staff | |
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| Types of hearing | |
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| Detention hearings | |
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| Transfer hearings | |
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| Adjudicatory hearings | |
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| Dispositional hearings | |
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| Organization and structure of juvenile courts | |
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| Issues facing the juvenile courts | |
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| Redefinition of juvenile court jurisdiction | |
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| Elimination of the juvenile court | |
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| Status of the juvenile court | |
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| Qualifications of judges | |
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| Attorneys in the juvenile court | |
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| Transf | |