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Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics

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ISBN-10: 0070016712

ISBN-13: 9780070016712

Edition: 1st 1989

Authors: John D. Anderson

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Book details

Edition: 1st
Copyright year: 1989
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies, The
Binding: Hardcover
Pages: 704
Size: 6.75" wide x 9.75" long x 1.75" tall
Weight: 2.640
Language: English

Prefacep. xii
Some Preliminary Thoughtsp. 1
Hypersonic Flight--Some Historical Firstsp. 2
Hypersonic Flow--Why is it Important?p. 4
Hypersonic Flow--What is it?p. 13
Thin Shock Layersp. 14
Entropy Layerp. 14
Viscous Interactionp. 15
High-Temperature Flowsp. 17
Low-Density Flowp. 20
Recapitulationp. 23
Hypersonic Flight Paths; the Velocity-Altitude Mapp. 24
Summary and Outlookp. 26
Problemsp. 28
Inviscid Hypersonic Flow
Hypersonic Shock and Expansion-Wave Relationsp. 31
Introductionp. 32
Basic Hypersonic Shock Relationsp. 33
Hypersonic Shock Relations in Terms of the Hypersonic Similarity Parameterp. 38
Hypersonic Expansion-Wave Relationsp. 40
Summaryp. 43
Problemp. 44
Local Surface Inclination Methodsp. 45
Introductionp. 46
Newtonian Flowp. 46
Modified Newtonian Lawp. 53
Centrifugal Force Corrections to Newtonian Theoryp. 56
Newtonian Theory--What it Really Meansp. 62
Tangent-Wedge/Tangent-Cone Methodsp. 66
Shock-Expansion Methodp. 70
Summary and Commentp. 74
Problemsp. 75
Hypersonic Inviscid Flowfields: Approximate Methodsp. 76
Introductionp. 77
The Governing Equationsp. 77
Mach Number Independencep. 78
The Hypersonic Small-Disturbance Equationsp. 83
Hypersonic Similarityp. 89
Hypersonic Small-Disturbance Theory: Some Resultsp. 100
A Comment on Hypersonic Small-Disturbance Theoryp. 116
The Hypersonic Equivalence Principle and Blast Wave Theoryp. 117
Thin Shock-Layer Theoryp. 138
Summary and Commentsp. 145
Problemsp. 147
Hypersonic Inviscid Flowfields: Exact Methodsp. 148
General Thoughtsp. 149
Method of Characteristicsp. 150
The Hypersonic Blunt-Body Problemp. 166
Correlations for Hypersonic Shock-Wave Shapesp. 189
Modern Computational Hypersonics: Additional Solutions of the Euler Equationsp. 192
Summary, and Comments on the State of the Artp. 207
A Final Commentp. 209
Problemsp. 209
Viscous Hypersonic Flow
Viscous Flow: Basic Aspects, Boundary Layer Results, and Aerodynamic Heatingp. 213
Introductionp. 214
Governing Equations for Viscous Flow: The Navier-Stokes Equationsp. 217
Similarity Parameters and Boundary Conditionsp. 219
The Boundary Layer Equations for Hypersonic Flowp. 222
Hypersonic Boundary Layer Theory: Self-Similar Solutionsp. 228
Flat Plate Casep. 237
Stagnation Point Casep. 250
Summaryp. 258
Nonsimilar Hypersonic Boundary Layersp. 259
Local Similarity Methodp. 260
Difference-Differential Methodp. 263
Finite-Difference Methodp. 266
Hypersonic Transitionp. 271
Hypersonic Turbulent Boundary Layerp. 280
The Reference Temperature Methodp. 286
Hypersonic Aerodynamic Heating: Some Comments and Approximate Results Applied to Hypersonic Vehiclesp. 288
Entropy Layer Effects on Aerodynamic Heatingp. 295
Summaryp. 297
Problemsp. 300
Hypersonic Viscous Interactionsp. 301
Introductionp. 302
Strong and Weak Viscous Interactions: Definition and Descriptionp. 305
The Role of x in Hypersonic Viscous Interactionp. 307
Other Viscous Interaction Resultsp. 315
Hypersonic Shock-Wave/Boundary Layer Interactionsp. 321
Summaryp. 332
Problemsp. 333
Computational Fluid Dynamic Solutions of Hypersonic Viscous Flowsp. 335
Introductionp. 336
Viscous Shock-Layer Techniquep. 337
Parabolized Navier-Stokes Solutionsp. 344
Full Navier-Stokes Solutionsp. 353
Summary and Commentsp. 360
High-Temperature Gas Dynamics
High-Temperature Gas Dynamics: Some Introductory Considerationsp. 363
The Importance of High-Temperature Flowsp. 364
The Nature of High-Temperature Flowsp. 372
Chemical Effects in Air: The Velocity-Altitude Mapp. 373
Summary and Commentsp. 376
Some Aspects of the Thermodynamics of Chemically Reacting Gases (Classical Physical Chemistry)p. 377
Introduction: Definition of Real Gases and Perfect Gasesp. 378
Various Forms of the Perfect Gas Equation of Statep. 379
Various Descriptions of the Composition of a Gas Mixturep. 385
Classification of Gasesp. 387
The First Law of Thermodynamicsp. 391
The Second Law of Thermodynamicsp. 395
The Calculation of Entropyp. 397
Gibbs Free Energy, and the Entropy Produced by Chemical Nonequilibriump. 399
Composition of Equilibrium Chemically Reacting Mixtures: The Equilibrium Constantp. 402
Heat of Reactionp. 409
Summaryp. 410
Problemsp. 412
Elements of Statistical Thermodynamicsp. 413
Introductionp. 414
Microscopic Description of Gasesp. 415
Counting the Number of Microstates for a Given Macrostatep. 423
The Most Probable Macrostatep. 425
The Limiting Case: Boltzmann Distributionp. 428
Evaluation of Thermodynamic Properties in Terms of the Partition Functionp. 430
Evaluation of the Partition Function in Terms of T and Vp. 435
Practical Evaluation of Thermodynamic Properties for a Single Chemical Speciesp. 438
The Calculation of the Equilibrium Constantp. 443
Chemical Equilibrium--Some Further Commentsp. 448
Calculation of the Equilibrium Composition for High-Temperature Airp. 449
Thermodynamic Properties of an Equilibrium Chemically Reacting Gasp. 453
Equilibrium Properties of High-Temperature Airp. 457
Summaryp. 465
Problemsp. 467
Elements of Kinetic Theoryp. 468
Introductionp. 469
The Perfect Gas Equation of State (Revisited)p. 469
Collision Frequency and Mean Free Pathp. 473
Velocity and Speed Distribution Functions: Mean Velocitiesp. 476
Summaryp. 480
Problemsp. 481
Chemical and Vibrational Nonequilibriump. 482
Introductionp. 483
Vibrational Nonequilibrium: The Vibrational Rate Equationp. 484
Chemical Nonequilibrium: The Chemical Rate Equationp. 491
Chemical Nonequilibrium in High-Temperature Airp. 495
Chemical Nonequilibrium in H[subscript 2]-Air Mixturesp. 501
Summaryp. 501
Inviscid High-Temperature Equilibrium Flowsp. 503
Introductionp. 504
Governing Equations for Inviscid High-Temperature Equilibrium Flowp. 504
Equilibrium Normal and Oblique Shock-Wave Flowsp. 507
Equilibrium Quasi-One-Dimensional Nozzle Flowsp. 520
Frozen and Equilibrium Flows: The Distinctionp. 527
Equilibrium and Frozen Specific Heatsp. 530
Equilibrium Speed of Soundp. 533
Equilibrium Conical Flowp. 536
Equilibrium Blunt-Body Flowsp. 542
Summary and Commentsp. 546
Problemsp. 547
Inviscid High-Temperature Nonequilibrium Flowsp. 548
Introductionp. 549
Governing Equations for Inviscid, Nonequilibrium Flowsp. 550
Nonequilibrium Normal and Oblique Shock-Wave Flowsp. 555
Nonequilibrium Quasi-One-Dimensional Nozzle Flowsp. 563
Nonequilibrium Blunt-Body Flowsp. 571
Binary Scalingp. 580
Nonequilibrium Flow Over Other Shapes: Nonequilibrium Method of Characteristicsp. 583
Summary and Commentsp. 589
Problemsp. 590
Kinetic Theory Revisited: Transport Properties in High-Temperature Gasesp. 591
Introductionp. 592
Definition of Transport Phenomenap. 592
Transport Coefficientsp. 596
The Mechanism of Diffusionp. 600
Energy Transport by Thermal Conduction and Diffusion: Total Thermal Conductivityp. 602
Transport Properties for High-Temperature Airp. 605
Summaryp. 609
Viscous High-Temperature Flowsp. 610
Introductionp. 611
Governing Equations for Chemically Reacting Viscous Flowp. 611
Alternate Forms of the Energy Equationp. 614
Boundary Layer Equations for a Chemically Reacting Gasp. 618
Boundary Conditions: Catalytic Wallsp. 623
Boundary Layer Solutions: Stagnation Point Heat Transfer for a Dissociating Gasp. 626
Boundary Layer Solutions: Nonsimilar Flowsp. 636
Viscous Shock Layer (VSL) Solutions to Chemically Reacting Flowp. 639
Parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) Solutions to Chemically Reacting Flowsp. 646
Full Navier-Stokes Solutions to Chemically Reacting Flowsp. 648
Summary and Commentsp. 652
Problemsp. 652
Introduction to Radiative Gas Dynamicsp. 653
Introductionp. 654
Definitions of Radiative Transfer in Gasesp. 655
The Radiative Transfer Equationp. 657
Solutions of the Radiative Transfer Equation: Transparent Gasp. 659
Solutions of the Radiative Transfer Equation: Absorbing Gasp. 662
Solutions of the Radiative Transfer Equation: Emitting and Absorbing Gasp. 664
Radiating Flowfields: Sample Resultsp. 667
Summaryp. 674
Problemsp. 674
Postfacep. 676
Referencesp. 677
Indexp. 687
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