Preface | |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Concrete and Reinforced Concrete | p. 1 |
Advantages of Reinforced Concrete as a Structural Material | p. 1 |
Disadvantages of Reinforced Concrete as a Structural Material | p. 3 |
Historical Background | p. 4 |
Comparison of Reinforced Concrete and Structural Steel for Buildings and Bridges | p. 6 |
Compatibility of Concrete and Steel | p. 7 |
Design Codes | p. 8 |
SI Units and Shaded Areas | p. 8 |
Types of Portland Cement | p. 9 |
Admixtures | p. 10 |
Properties of Reinforced Concrete | p. 11 |
Aggregates | p. 18 |
High-Strength Concretes | p. 19 |
Fiber-Reinforced Concretes | p. 21 |
Reinforcing Steel | p. 22 |
Grades of Reinforcing Steel | p. 24 |
SI Bar Sizes and Material Strengths | p. 25 |
Corrosive Environments | p. 26 |
Identifying Marks on Reinforcing Bars | p. 26 |
Introduction to Loads | p. 28 |
Dead Loads | p. 28 |
Live Loads | p. 29 |
Environmental Loads | p. 30 |
Selection of Design Loads | p. 32 |
Calculation Accuracy | p. 34 |
Impact of Computers on Reinforced Concrete Design | p. 34 |
Problems | p. 34 |
Flexural Analysis of Beams | p. 35 |
Introduction | p. 35 |
Cracking Moment | p. 39 |
Elastic Stresses--Concrete Cracked | p. 41 |
Ultimate or Nominal Flexural Moments | p. 46 |
Example Problem Using SI Units | p. 49 |
CONCAD | p. 50 |
Problems | p. 52 |
Design of Rectangular Beams and One-Way Slabs | p. 67 |
Design Methods | p. 67 |
Advantages of Strength Design | p. 68 |
Structural Safety | p. 70 |
Load Factors | p. 70 |
Strength Reduction Factors | p. 71 |
Underreinforced and Overreinforced Beams | p. 71 |
Derivation of Beam Expressions | p. 72 |
Maximum Permissible Steel Percentage | p. 75 |
Minimum Percentage of Steel | p. 77 |
Flexural Strength Example | p. 78 |
Design of Rectangular Beams | p. 81 |
Beam Design Examples | p. 84 |
Miscellaneous Beam Considerations | p. 87 |
Determining Steel Area when Beam Dimensions are Predetermined | p. 90 |
Bundled Bars | p. 92 |
One-Way Slabs | p. 92 |
Cantilever Beams and Continuous Beams | p. 96 |
SI Example | p. 97 |
Computer Example | p. 98 |
Problems | p. 100 |
Analysis and Design of t Beams and Doubly Reinforced Beams | p. 109 |
T Beams | p. 109 |
Analysis of T Beams | p. 112 |
Another Method for Analyzing T Beams | p. 116 |
Design of T Beams | p. 118 |
Design of T Beams for Negative Moments | p. 124 |
L Shaped Beams | p. 127 |
Compression Steel | p. 127 |
Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams | p. 133 |
SI Examples | p. 136 |
Computer Examples | p. 138 |
Problems | p. 141 |
Serviceability | p. 155 |
Introduction | p. 155 |
Importance of Deflections | p. 156 |
Control of Deflections | p. 157 |
Calculation of Deflections | p. 158 |
Effective Moments of Inertia | p. 160 |
Long-Term Deflections | p. 163 |
Simple-Beam Deflections | p. 165 |
Continuous-Beam Deflections | p. 167 |
Types of Cracks | p. 172 |
Control of Flexural Cracks | p. 174 |
ACI Code Provisions Concerning Cracks | p. 178 |
Miscellaneous Cracks | p. 179 |
SI Example | p. 179 |
Problems | p. 180 |
Bond, Development Lengths, and Splices | p. 187 |
Cutting Off or Bending Bars | p. 187 |
Bond Stresses | p. 191 |
Development Lengths for Tension Reinforcing | p. 193 |
Development Lengths for Bundled Bars | p. 202 |
Hooks | p. 203 |
Development Lengths for Welded Wire Fabric in Tension | p. 208 |
Development Lengths for Compression Bars | p. 209 |
Critical Sections for Development Length | p. 211 |
Effect of Combined Shear and Moment on Development Lengths | p. 211 |
Effect of Shape of Moment Diagram on Development Lengths | p. 212 |
Cutting Off or Bending Bars (continued) | p. 213 |
Bar Splices in Flexural Members | p. 217 |
Tension Splices | p. 218 |
Compression Splices | p. 219 |
SI Example | p. 220 |
Computer Example | p. 221 |
Problems | p. 222 |
Shear and Diagonal Tension | p. 231 |
Introduction | p. 231 |
Shear Stresses in Concrete Beams | p. 231 |
Shear Strength of Concrete | p. 233 |
Lightweight Concrete | p. 234 |
Shear Cracking of Reinforced Concrete Beams | p. 235 |
Web Reinforcement | p. 236 |
Behavior of Beams with Web Reinforcement | p. 238 |
Design for Shear | p. 240 |
ACI Code Requirements | p. 242 |
Example Shear Design Problems | p. 246 |
Economical Spacing of Stirrups | p. 257 |
Shear Friction | p. 258 |
Shear Strength of Members Subjected to Axial Forces | p. 261 |
Shear Design Provisions for Deep Beams | p. 263 |
Introductory Comments on Torsion | p. 265 |
SI Example | p. 266 |
Computer Example | p. 268 |
Problems | p. 269 |
Introduction to Columns | p. 275 |
General | p. 275 |
Types of Columns | p. 277 |
Axial Load Capacity of Columns | p. 279 |
Failure of Tied and Spiral Columns | p. 279 |
Code Requirements for Cast-in-Place Columns | p. 283 |
Safety Provisions for Columns | p. 285 |
Design Formulas | p. 286 |
Comments on Economical Column Design | p. 287 |
Design of Axially Loaded Columns | p. 288 |
SI Example | p. 291 |
Design of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using the Alternate Design Method | p. 292 |
Computer Example | p. 292 |
Problems | p. 292 |
Design of Short Columns Subject to Axial Load and Bending | p. 295 |
Axial Load and Bending | p. 295 |
The Plastic Centroid | p. 297 |
Development of Interaction Diagrams | p. 299 |
Use of Interaction Diagrams | p. 305 |
Code Modifications of Column Interaction Diagrams | p. 308 |
Analysis of Eccentrically Loaded Columns Using Interaction Diagrams | p. 310 |
Design of Eccentrically Loaded Columns Using Interaction Diagrams | p. 314 |
Shear in Columns | p. 317 |
Biaxial Bending | p. 317 |
Computer Example | p. 324 |
Problems | p. 326 |
Slender Columns | p. 337 |
Introduction | p. 337 |
Non-Sway and Sway Frames | p. 337 |
Slenderness Effects | p. 338 |
Determining K Factors with Alignment Charts | p. 341 |
Determining K Factors with Equations | p. 343 |
First-Order Analyses Using Special Member Properties | p. 345 |
Slender Columns in Non-Sway or Braced Frames | p. 345 |
Magnification of Column Moments in Non-Sway Frames | p. 348 |
Magnification of Column Moments in Sway Frames | p. 353 |
Analysis of Sway Frames | p. 357 |
Problems | p. 363 |
Footings | p. 367 |
Introduction | p. 367 |
Types of Footings | p. 368 |
Actual Soil Pressures | p. 370 |
Allowable Soil Pressures | p. 370 |
Design of Wall Footings | p. 373 |
Design of Square Isolated Footings | p. 378 |
Footings Supporting Round or Regular Polygon-Shaped Columns | p. 385 |
Load Transfer from Columns to Footings | p. 385 |
Rectangular Isolated Footings | p. 389 |
Combined Footings | p. 393 |
Footing Design for Equal Settlements | p. 399 |
Footings Subjected to Lateral Moments | p. 400 |
Transfer of Horizontal Forces | p. 403 |
Plain Concrete Footings | p. 404 |
SI Example | p. 407 |
Computer Examples | p. 408 |
Problems | p. 410 |
Retaining Walls | p. 417 |
Introduction | p. 417 |
Types of Retaining Walls | p. 417 |
Drainage | p. 420 |
Failures of Retaining Walls | p. 422 |
Lateral Pressures on Retaining Walls | p. 422 |
Footing Soil Pressures | p. 428 |
Design of Semigravity Retaining Walls | p. 429 |
Effects of Surcharge | p. 433 |
Estimating Sizes of Cantilever Retaining Walls | p. 434 |
Design Procedure for Cantilever Retaining Walls | p. 438 |
Cracks and Wall Joints | p. 450 |
Problems | p. 452 |
Continuous Reinforced Concrete Structures | p. 459 |
Introduction | p. 459 |
General Discussion of Analysis Methods | p. 459 |
Qualitative Influence Lines | p. 460 |
Limit Design | p. 463 |
Limit Design Under the ACI Code | p. 471 |
Preliminary Design of Members | p. 474 |
Approximate Analysis of Continuous Frames for Vertical Loads | p. 475 |
Approximate Analysis of Continuous Frames for Lateral Loads | p. 486 |
Computer Analysis of Building Frames | p. 490 |
Lateral Bracing for Buildings | p. 490 |
Development Length Requirements for Continuous Members | p. 491 |
Problems | p. 497 |
Torsion | p. 503 |
Introduction | p. 503 |
Torsional Reinforcing | p. 505 |
The Torsional Moments that Have to be Considered in Design | p. 507 |
Torsional Stresses | p. 509 |
When Torsional Reinforcing is Required by the ACI | p. 510 |
Torsional Moment Strength | p. 511 |
Design of Torsional Reinforcing | p. 512 |
Additional ACI Requirements | p. 513 |
Example Problems Using U.S. Customary Units | p. 514 |
SI Equations and Example Problem | p. 518 |
Computer Example | p. 521 |
Problems | p. 523 |
Two-Way Slabs, Direct Design Method | p. 527 |
Introduction | p. 527 |
Analysis of Two-Way Slabs | p. 530 |
Design of Two-Way Slabs by the ACI Code | p. 531 |
Column and Middle Strips | p. 532 |
Shear Resistance of Slabs | p. 532 |
Depth Limitations and Stiffness Requirements | p. 536 |
Limitations of Direct Design Method | p. 541 |
Distribution of Moments in Slabs | p. 542 |
Design of an Interior Flat Plate | p. 548 |
Placing of Live Loads | p. 554 |
Analysis of Two-Way Slabs with Beams | p. 554 |
Transfer of Moments and Shears Between Slabs and Columns | p. 561 |
Openings in Slab Systems | p. 567 |
Problems | p. 567 |
Two-Way Slabs, Equivalent Frame Method | p. 569 |
Moment Distribution for Nonprismatic Members | p. 569 |
Introduction to the Equivalent Frame Method | p. 570 |
Properties of Slab Beams | p. 572 |
Properties of Columns | p. 575 |
Example Problems | p. 577 |
Computer Analysis | p. 582 |
Problems | p. 582 |
Walls | p. 585 |
Introduction | p. 585 |
Non-Load-Bearing Walls | p. 585 |
Load-Bearing Concrete Walls--Empirical Design Method | p. 586 |
Load-Bearing Concrete Walls--Rational Design | p. 590 |
Shear Walls | p. 590 |
ACI Provisions for Shear Walls | p. 594 |
Economy in Wall Construction | p. 598 |
Problems | p. 599 |
Prestressed Concrete | p. 601 |
Introduction | p. 601 |
Advantages and Disadvantages of Prestressed Concrete | p. 603 |
Pretensioning and Posttensioning | p. 604 |
Materials Used for Prestressed Concrete | p. 605 |
Stress Calculations | p. 607 |
Shapes of Prestressed Sections | p. 611 |
Prestress Losses | p. 614 |
Ultimate Strength of Prestressed Sections | p. 617 |
Deflections | p. 621 |
Shear in Prestressed Sections | p. 626 |
Design of Shear Reinforcement | p. 628 |
Additional Topics | p. 631 |
Problems | p. 634 |
Formwork | p. 639 |
Introduction | p. 639 |
Responsibility for Formwork Design | p. 640 |
Materials Used for Formwork | p. 641 |
Furnishing of Formwork | p. 642 |
Economy in Formwork | p. 642 |
Form Maintenance | p. 643 |
Definitions | p. 645 |
Forces Applied to Concrete Forms | p. 647 |
Analysis of Formwork for Floor and Roof Slabs | p. 650 |
Design of Formwork for Floor and Roof Slabs | p. 661 |
Design of Shoring | p. 663 |
Bearing Stresses | p. 670 |
Design of Formwork for Walls | p. 673 |
Problems | p. 676 |
Tables and Graphs, U.S. Customary Units | p. 677 |
Tables in Si Units | p. 712 |
Alternate Design Method | p. 720 |
Overreinforced Beams | p. 727 |
Glossary | p. 730 |
Index | p. 735 |
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