| |
| |
| |
| Understanding Your Equipment and Using It | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Camera | |
| |
| |
| Identify Camera Parts | |
| |
| |
| The Camera Body and Shutter | |
| |
| |
| The Lens and Aperture | |
| |
| |
| Focal Length | |
| |
| |
| Zoom Lenses | |
| |
| |
| Focusing Systems and Focus | |
| |
| |
| Depth of Field | |
| |
| |
| F-Stops | |
| |
| |
| Self-Timer | |
| |
| |
| Loading and Unloading Film | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lenses and Filters | |
| |
| |
| Choosing a Lens | |
| |
| |
| Wide-Angle Lenses | |
| |
| |
| Telephoto Lenses | |
| |
| |
| Zoom Lenses | |
| |
| |
| Zoom vs. Fixed-Focal-Length Lenses | |
| |
| |
| Teleconverters | |
| |
| |
| Pre-Focus Using the Depth-of-Field Scale | |
| |
| |
| Lens Hoods | |
| |
| |
| Lens Filters for Creative and Technical Uses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Black and White Film | |
| |
| |
| How Film Works | |
| |
| |
| ISO, ASA, and Exposure | |
| |
| |
| Slow-Speed Films | |
| |
| |
| Medium-Speed Films | |
| |
| |
| Fast-Speed Films | |
| |
| |
| High-Speed Films | |
| |
| |
| Choosing the Right Speed | |
| |
| |
| How Film Speeds Relate to Each Other | |
| |
| |
| Various Film Developers and Their Characteristics | |
| |
| |
| How to Adjust Film Speed/Pushing and Pulling | |
| |
| |
| Bulk Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using a Light Meter | |
| |
| |
| Operating an Exposure Meter | |
| |
| |
| How They Work | |
| |
| |
| How to Use It | |
| |
| |
| How to Overcome the Shortcomings | |
| |
| |
| Using Hand-Held, Incident Light Meters | |
| |
| |
| Using the Sekonic Studio Deluxe II | |
| |
| |
| Using the Sekonic Flashmate and Minolta Flashmate V | |
| |
| |
| Using Spot Meters | |
| |
| |
| Operating Camera Meters | |
| |
| |
| Reading for Middle Gray | |
| |
| |
| |
| Camera Flashes | |
| |
| |
| How a Flash Works | |
| |
| |
| Using a Flash | |
| |
| |
| The Vivitar 285 | |
| |
| |
| The Vivitar 2000 | |
| |
| |
| Camera Synch Speeds | |
| |
| |
| Flash Exposure Using Guide Numbers | |
| |
| |
| Choosing a Flash for Different Purposes | |
| |
| |
| Flash Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Hand-Held, Off-the-Camera Flash | |
| |
| |
| The Bounce Flash | |
| |
| |
| The Handkerchief | |
| |
| |
| Off-Camera Flash with a Light Stand | |
| |
| |
| Off-Camera Flash with an Umbrella | |
| |
| |
| Multiple Flashes | |
| |
| |
| Flash Fill | |
| |
| |
| Open Flash | |
| |
| |
| |
| Medium-Format Cameras | |
| |
| |
| What Is Medium Format? | |
| |
| |
| The Advantages of Medium Format | |
| |
| |
| Types of Medium-Format Cameras | |
| |
| |
| Medium-Format Lenses | |
| |
| |
| Medium-Format Lenses with Shutters | |
| |
| |
| Depth of Field with Medium-Format Lenses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Large-Format Cameras | |
| |
| |
| Types of Large-Format Cameras | |
| |
| |
| View Cameras | |
| |
| |
| Field Cameras | |
| |
| |
| Large-Format Film | |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of Large-Format Negatives | |
| |
| |
| How to Use Large-Format Cameras | |
| |
| |
| Loading the Film | |
| |
| |
| Taking the Photograph | |
| |
| |
| Camera Movements on View Cameras | |
| |
| |
| Camera Movements on Field Cameras | |
| |
| |
| Bellows Extension | |
| |
| |
| Large-Format Lenses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Buying New and Used Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Choosing and Selecting New Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Recognize the Value of Professional-Grade Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Ask Yourself What You Need | |
| |
| |
| Know Where to Go | |
| |
| |
| Choosing and Selecting Used Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Caring for Your Photographic Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Identifying Some Useful Accessories | |
| |
| |
| Increasing Creativity with Specialty Cameras | |
| |
| |
| |
| Digital Black and White Photography | |
| |
| |
| Understanding How Digital Works | |
| |
| |
| How the CCD Captures the Image | |
| |
| |
| Choosing a Digital Camera | |
| |
| |
| Choosing the Resolution of Your Pictures | |
| |
| |
| Using a Digital Camera | |
| |
| |
| Identifying the Types of Digital Camera Lenses | |
| |
| |
| Downloading Your Images | |
| |
| |
| Understanding Basic Photoshop Manipulation | |
| |
| |
| Scanning Negatives, Slides, and Prints | |
| |
| |
| Printing Digital Images | |
| |
| |
| |
| Taking Pictures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Photo Assignments: It's All About Light | |
| |
| |
| Making Pictures About Light | |
| |
| |
| Direct Sunlight | |
| |
| |
| Overcast Light | |
| |
| |
| Open Shade | |
| |
| |
| PHotographic Effects | |
| |
| |
| The Golden Hour | |
| |
| |
| Seeing the World in Black and White | |
| |
| |
| Framing Your Images in the Camera | |
| |
| |
| Utilizing Off-Center Composition | |
| |
| |
| Tilting the Frame | |
| |
| |
| Composing with a Foreground, Middle Ground, and Background | |
| |
| |
| Photographing from Various Vantage Points | |
| |
| |
| Panning | |
| |
| |
| Making Pictures | |
| |
| |
| Identifying Some Legal and Ethical Issues | |
| |
| |
| |
| Photo Assignments: Portraits and Self-Portraits | |
| |
| |
| Portraits | |
| |
| |
| Making Portraits | |
| |
| |
| Getting the Subject to Feel Comfortable | |
| |
| |
| Exhibiting Confidence Begets Their Confidence | |
| |
| |
| Candid and Formal Portraits | |
| |
| |
| Location | |
| |
| |
| Environmental Portraits | |
| |
| |
| Studio Portraits | |
| |
| |
| Portrait Techniques and Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Lighting | |
| |
| |
| Composition and Posing | |
| |
| |
| Photographing More Than One Person | |
| |
| |
| Self-Portraits | |
| |
| |
| Photography and Representation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Photo Assignments: Landscape and Architecture | |
| |
| |
| Landscape Photography | |
| |
| |
| Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Composition | |
| |
| |
| The Rule of Thirds | |
| |
| |
| Vantage Point | |
| |
| |
| Research | |
| |
| |
| Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Which Lens to Use | |
| |
| |
| Architectural Photography | |
| |
| |
| Lighting | |
| |
| |
| Composition | |
| |
| |
| Foreground, Middle Ground, and Background | |
| |
| |
| Juxtaposition | |
| |
| |
| Two Vantage Points | |
| |
| |
| Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Which Lens to Use | |
| |
| |
| Films and Filters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Photo Assignments: Night Photography | |
| |
| |
| Night Photography | |
| |
| |
| Techniques and Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Fast Film | |
| |
| |
| Fast Lenses | |
| |
| |
| Pushing Film | |
| |
| |
| Tripods | |
| |
| |
| Flash Photography at Night | |
| |
| |
| Long Exposures | |
| |
| |
| Exposure Readings at Night | |
| |
| |
| |
| Studio Photography | |
| |
| |
| Defining the Studio | |
| |
| |
| Using Studio Strobes | |
| |
| |
| Creating Different Backgrounds | |
| |
| |
| Setting Up Portrait Lighting | |
| |
| |
| Short Lighting | |
| |
| |
| Broad Lighting | |
| |
| |
| Butterfly Lighting | |
| |
| |
| Overall Soft Lighting | |
| |
| |
| Photographing Products | |
| |
| |
| Backlighting | |
| |
| |
| Basic Product Lighting Setup | |
| |
| |
| Identifying Other Studio Accessories | |
| |
| |
| Fan | |
| |
| |
| Dulling Spray | |
| |
| |
| Makeup | |
| |
| |
| Props | |
| |
| |
| Lighting Snoot | |
| |
| |
| Product Lighting Table | |
| |
| |
| Cookie | |
| |
| |
| |
| Making the Print | |
| |
| |
| |
| Developing Your Film | |
| |
| |
| Needed Equipment, Supplies, and Chemicals | |
| |
| |
| Preparing for Film Development | |
| |
| |
| Load the Film onto the Reel | |
| |
| |
| Mix the Developer | |
| |
| |
| Determine Developing Temperatures and Developing Times | |
| |
| |
| How to Get the Temperature Right | |
| |
| |
| Developing Procedure | |
| |
| |
| Cutting and Storing Your Negatives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Setting Up a Home Darkroom | |
| |
| |
| Space Requirements | |
| |
| |
| Needed Equipment | |
| |
| |
| Enlarger with 50mm Lens and Negative Carrier | |
| |
| |
| 50mm Enlarging Lens | |
| |
| |
| Enlarging Easel | |
| |
| |
| Grain Focusers | |
| |
| |
| Enlarging Timer | |
| |
| |
| Processing Trays | |
| |
| |
| Grduated Beakers | |
| |
| |
| Safelight | |
| |
| |
| Tongs | |
| |
| |
| Contact Printer or Piece of Heavy Glass | |
| |
| |
| Multigrade Filters | |
| |
| |
| Compressed Air | |
| |
| |
| Anti-Static Cloth | |
| |
| |
| Chemicals for Printing Black and White Photographs | |
| |
| |
| How to Organize Your Darkroom | |
| |
| |
| How to Block Out the Light | |
| |
| |
| Sinks and Managing Your Water Needs | |
| |
| |
| Ventilation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Black and White Photographic Paper | |
| |
| |
| How Photographic Paper Works | |
| |
| |
| Categories of Photographic Paper | |
| |
| |
| Resin Coated (RC) Paper | |
| |
| |
| Fiber Paper | |
| |
| |
| Graded and Multigrade Papers | |
| |
| |
| Paper Surfaces | |
| |
| |
| Sizes, Quantity, and Weight | |
| |
| |
| Types and Brands of Papers | |
| |
| |
| Out-of-Date and Fogged Paper | |
| |
| |
| Safelight Fog | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Black and White Printing | |
| |
| |
| Getting Started | |
| |
| |
| Printing a Contact Sheet | |
| |
| |
| Making the Enlargement | |
| |
| |
| Washing and Drying Your Prints | |
| |
| |
| Evaluating Your Prints and Troubleshooting Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Dust | |
| |
| |
| Tonality | |
| |
| |
| Focus | |
| |
| |
| Print Borders | |
| |
| |
| |
| Advanced Black and White Printing Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Burning and Dodging | |
| |
| |
| How to Burn a Print | |
| |
| |
| How to Dodge | |
| |
| |
| How to Burn with Different Multigrade Filters | |
| |
| |
| Edge Burning | |
| |
| |
| Hiding Scratches | |
| |
| |
| Printing with Fiber Paper | |
| |
| |
| Comparing Paper Surfaces | |
| |
| |
| Using the Two-Tray Split-Developing Technique with Graded Paper | |
| |
| |
| Flashing | |
| |
| |
| Bleaching | |
| |
| |
| Toning | |
| |
| |
| Producing Black and White Prints from Color Negatives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Advanced Film Exposure and Development | |
| |
| |
| Pre-Visualization and the Zone System | |
| |
| |
| Pre-Exposure | |
| |
| |
| Reticulation | |
| |
| |
| Infrared Film | |
| |
| |
| Black and White Slide Film | |
| |
| |
| Developing Medium-Format Films | |
| |
| |
| Developing Large-Format Films | |
| |
| |
| |
| Final Presentation and Storage of Photographs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Finishing Your Prints | |
| |
| |
| Retouching | |
| |
| |
| Retouching RC Prints | |
| |
| |
| Using Spotone | |
| |
| |
| Using Spotone Dry | |
| |
| |
| Using Spotone Pens | |
| |
| |
| Spotting Fiber Prints | |
| |
| |
| Covering Black Specks | |
| |
| |
| Etching the Print | |
| |
| |
| Using Black Spot Remover or Bleach | |
| |
| |
| Applying Spotone to the Negative | |
| |
| |
| Making Major Alterations to a Print | |
| |
| |
| Hand Coloring | |
| |
| |
| Altering the Surface and Applying Sealant | |
| |
| |
| Storing Your Photographs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Presenting Your Photographs | |
| |
| |
| Using Mat Boards | |
| |
| |
| Choosing Adhesives | |
| |
| |
| Spray Mount | |
| |
| |
| Double-Stick Tape | |
| |
| |
| Repositionable Mounting Adhesive | |
| |
| |
| Dry Mounting | |
| |
| |
| Overmats | |
| |
| |
| Transporting Your Photographs | |
| |
| |
| Storing Your Photographs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Careers in Photography | |
| |
| |
| |
| Careers in Photography | |
| |
| |
| Commercial Photography | |
| |
| |
| How to Assemble a Portfolio | |
| |
| |
| Editorial Photography | |
| |
| |
| Internships | |
| |
| |
| Business Practices | |
| |
| |
| Negotiate Your Fee in Advance | |
| |
| |
| Usage and Limitations | |
| |
| |
| Photo Credit | |
| |
| |
| Create an Invoice | |
| |
| |
| How to Price Your Photographs | |
| |
| |
| Fine Art Photography | |
| |
| |
| Teaching | |
| |
| |
| |
| Setting Up a Home Studio | |
| |
| |
| Space Requirements | |
| |
| |
| The Temporary Studio | |
| |
| |
| Equipment Requirements | |
| |
| |
| How to Get Your Business Started | |
| |
| |
| Appendixes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Photographic Equipment, Supplies, and Resources | |
| |
| |
| |
| Further Reading | |
| |
| |
| Index | |