Introduction to Matrix Algebra | |
Matrices | p. 1 |
Equality of Matrices | p. 2 |
Addition of Matrices | p. 3 |
Commutative and Associative Laws of Addition | p. 3 |
Subtraction of Matrices | p. 4 |
Scalar Multiples of Matrices | p. 6 |
The Multiplication of Matrices | p. 7 |
The Properties of Matrix Multiplication | p. 9 |
Exercises | p. 13 |
Linear Equations in Matrix Notation | p. 18 |
The Transpose of a Matrix | p. 20 |
Symmetric, Skew-Symmetric, and Hermitian Matrices | p. 22 |
Scalar Matrices | p. 24 |
The Identity Matrix | p. 26 |
The Inverse of a Matrix | p. 26 |
The Product of a Row Matrix into a Column Matrix | p. 29 |
Polynomial Functions of Matrices | p. 30 |
Exercises | p. 32 |
Partitioned Matrices | p. 41 |
Exercises | p. 46 |
Linear Equations | |
Linear Equations | p. 51 |
Three Examples | p. 52 |
Exercises | p. 57 |
Equivalent Systems of Equations | p. 60 |
The Echelon Form for Systems of Equations | p. 63 |
Synthetic Elimination | p. 66 |
Systems of Homogeneous Linear Equations | p. 70 |
Exercises | p. 73 |
Computation of the Inverse of a Matrix | p. 75 |
Matrix Inversion by Partitioning | p. 78 |
Exercises | p. 82 |
Number Fields | p. 83 |
Exercises | p. 85 |
The General Concept of a Field | p. 85 |
Exercises | p. 88 |
Vector Geometry in E[superscript 3] | |
Geometric Representation of Vectors in E[superscript 3] | p. 90 |
Operations on Vectors | p. 91 |
Isomorphism | p. 94 |
Length, Direction, and Sense | p. 94 |
Orthogonality of Two Vectors | p. 97 |
Exercises | p. 100 |
The Vector Equation of a Line | p. 102 |
The Vector Equation of a Plane | p. 105 |
Exercises | p. 109 |
Linear Combinations of Vectors in E[superscript 3] | p. 111 |
Linear Dependence of Vectors; Bases | p. 114 |
Exercises | p. 118 |
Vector Geometry in n-Dimensional Space | |
The Real n-Space R[superscript n] | p. 120 |
Vectors in R[superscript n] | p. 121 |
Lines and Planes in R[superscript n] | p. 122 |
Linear Dependence and Independence in R[superscript n] | p. 125 |
Vector Spaces in R[superscript n] | p. 126 |
Exercises | p. 127 |
Length and the Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality | p. 129 |
Angles and Orthogonality in E[superscript n] | p. 132 |
Half-Lines and Directed Distances | p. 134 |
Unitary n-Space | p. 135 |
Exercises | p. 138 |
Linear Inequalities | p. 141 |
Exercises | p. 147 |
Vector Spaces | |
The General Definition of a Vector Space | p. 149 |
Linear Combinations and Linear Dependence | p. 153 |
Exercises | p. 159 |
Basic Theorems on Linear Dependence | p. 164 |
Dimension and Basis | p. 167 |
Computation of the Dimension of a Vector Space | p. 172 |
Exercises | p. 174 |
Orthonormal Bases | p. 177 |
Exercises | p. 180 |
Intersection and Sum of Two Vector Spaces | p. 183 |
Exercises | p. 186 |
Isomorphic Vector Spaces | p. 187 |
Exercises | p. 190 |
The Rank of a Matrix | |
The Rank of a Matrix | p. 191 |
Basic Theorems About the Rank of a Matrix | p. 195 |
Matrix Representation of Elementary Transformations | p. 198 |
Exercises | p. 204 |
Homogeneous Systems of Linear Equations | p. 210 |
Nonhomogeneous Systems of Linear Equations | p. 217 |
Exercises | p. 221 |
Another Look at Nonhomogeneous Systems | p. 229 |
The Variables One Can Solve for | p. 231 |
Basic Solutions | p. 234 |
Exercises | p. 237 |
Determinants | |
The Definition of a Determinant | p. 239 |
Some Basic Theorems | p. 243 |
The Cofactor in det A of an Element of A | p. 247 |
Cofactors and the Computation of Determinants | p. 250 |
Exercises | p. 253 |
The Determinant of the Product of Two Matrices | p. 264 |
A Formula for A[superscript -1] | p. 270 |
Determinants and the Rank of a Matrix | p. 272 |
Solution of Systems of Equations by Using Determinants | p. 274 |
A Geometrical Application of Determinants | p. 278 |
Exercises | p. 280 |
More About the Rank of a Matrix | p. 288 |
Definitions | p. 292 |
The Laplace Expansion | p. 295 |
The Determinant of a Product of Two Square Matrices | p. 299 |
The Adjoint Matrix | p. 300 |
The Row-and-Column Expansion | p. 302 |
The Diagonal Expansion of the Determinant of a Matrix | p. 303 |
Exercises | p. 305 |
Linear Transformations | |
Mappings | p. 310 |
Linear Mappings | p. 313 |
Some Properties of Linear Operators on Vector Spaces | p. 317 |
Exercises | p. 320 |
Linear Transformations of Coordinates | p. 323 |
Transformation of a Linear Operator | p. 331 |
Exercises | p. 334 |
The Algebra of Linear Operators | p. 340 |
Groups of Operators | p. 342 |
Exercises | p. 345 |
Unitary and Orthogonal Matrices | p. 347 |
Exercises | p. 348 |
Unitary Transformations | p. 351 |
Orthogonal Transformations | p. 353 |
The Eulerian Angles | p. 354 |
The Triangularization of a Real Matrix | p. 356 |
Exercises | p. 360 |
Orthogonal Vector Spaces | p. 361 |
Exercises | p. 366 |
Projections | p. 367 |
Orthogonal Projections in U[superscript n] | p. 371 |
Exercises | p. 373 |
The Characteristic Value Problem | |
Definition of the Characteristic Value Problem | p. 375 |
Four Examples | p. 377 |
Two Basic Theorems | p. 381 |
Exercises | p. 383 |
The Characteristic Polynomial and Its Roots | p. 387 |
Similar Matrices | p. 392 |
Exercises | p. 393 |
The Characteristic Roots of a Hermitian Matrix | p. 395 |
The Diagonal Form of a Hermitian Matrix | p. 397 |
The Diagonalization of a Hermitian Matrix | p. 400 |
Examples | p. 401 |
Triangularization of an Arbitrary Matrix | p. 403 |
Normal Matrices | p. 404 |
Exercises | p. 406 |
Characteristic Roots of a Polynomial Function of a Matrix | p. 409 |
The Cayley-Hamilton Theorem | p. 411 |
The Minimum Polynomial of a Matrix | p. 413 |
Powers of Matrices | p. 418 |
Exercises | p. 419 |
Quadratic, Bilinear, and Hermitian Forms | |
Quadratic Forms | p. 422 |
Diagonalization of Quadratic Forms | p. 424 |
A Geometrical Application | p. 425 |
Definite Forms and Matrices | p. 428 |
Exercises | p. 433 |
Lagrange's Reduction | p. 438 |
Kronecker's Reduction | p. 443 |
Sylvester's Law of Inertia for Real Quadratic Forms | p. 445 |
A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Positive Definiteness | p. 449 |
An Important Example | p. 452 |
Exercises | p. 454 |
Pairs of Quadratic Forms | p. 455 |
Values of Quadratic Forms | p. 457 |
Exercises | p. 462 |
Bilinear Forms | p. 463 |
The Equivalence of Bilinear Forms | p. 465 |
Cogredient and Contragredient Transformations | p. 467 |
Exercises | p. 469 |
Hermitian Forms | p. 471 |
Definite Hermitian Forms | p. 474 |
Exercises | p. 474 |
The Notations [Sigma] and [Pi] | p. 477 |
The Algebra of Complex Numbers | p. 491 |
Bibliography | p. 501 |
Index | p. 513 |
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