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Preface | |
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Table of Contents | |
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List of Tables | |
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List of Figures | |
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Electricity supply: from monopoly to complexity | |
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Introduction | |
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A paradigm shift for network industries | |
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What does it mean for electricity? | |
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Main research question | |
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Relevance | |
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Reading guide | |
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Research framework | |
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Research goal | |
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Research question | |
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A design problem: the meta model | |
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The meta model as applied to this research question | |
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Research method | |
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System description | |
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Introduction: the electricity system | |
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The technical subsystem | |
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The physical layer | |
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The operational layer | |
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The economic subsystem | |
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Three types of services | |
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The commodity market | |
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Technical services ('connection') | |
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Other services ('commercial') | |
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The subsystems integrated | |
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Links from the technical to the economic subsystem | |
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Links from the economic to the technical subsystem | |
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Transmission tariffs: 'copper plate' or not? | |
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Legal organisation | |
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Introduction | |
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Hohfeld's fundamental legal conceptions | |
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Policy instruments | |
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Legal organisation: the issues | |
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Allocation of responsibility | |
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Permissions: who is allowed to perform which tasks? | |
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Rules: how to perform responsibilities and permissions? | |
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Government control | |
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Design variables | |
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Public policy goals | |
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Introduction | |
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Triple A: the main primary goals | |
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Availability: secure supply for all | |
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Affordability: the quest for economic efficiency | |
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Acceptability: socially responsible electricity supply | |
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Secondary goals | |
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The main goals in our design problem | |
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Legal constraints | |
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Introduction: restriction to the EU | |
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Development of a European electricity framework | |
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Free movement of goods | |
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Free movement of services and capital and the right of establishment | |
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Competition law: rules for undertakings | |
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State aid | |
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Public service obligations | |
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Directives: main structure of the industry | |
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Conclusion: legal constraints in our design problem | |
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Design method | |
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A 'method' to integrate the model and selection stages | |
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Outline of the method | |
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Step I: Analysis of the function | |
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Step II: Analysis of each function within its context | |
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Step III: Design decisions for the legal organisation | |
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The core of the FULDA-method | |
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Who should decide about the organisation of a function? | |
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A. Should someone be made explicitly responsible for this function? | |
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B. Who should be made responsible? or: Who should be allowed to perform this function? | |
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C. How should the function be further organised? | |
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D. What control possibilities for government should be implemented? | |
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An inventory of critical technical functions | |
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Introduction | |
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Building a functional model | |
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The functions | |
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Categorising the functions | |
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Selecting the functions for the case studies | |
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Electricity generation | |
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Introduction | |
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Analysis of generation as a function (Step I) | |
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The function of generation in its context (Step II) | |
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Designing the organisation of generation (Step III) | |
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Conclusion: generation in a market environment | |
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Maintenance of the energy balance | |
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Introduction | |
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The analysis of the function (Step I) | |
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The function within its context (Step II) | |
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Design of the function's organisation (Step III) | |
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Compensation of energy losses | |
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Conclusion and analysis | |
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Generation adequacy | |
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Introduction | |
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Securing sufficient investment in generation capacity (Step I) | |
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Generation adequacy in its context (Step II) | |
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Designing a framework to secure generation adequacy (Step III) | |
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Should someone be made explicitly responsible? | |
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Who should be made explicitly responsible? | |
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Controlling the function through capacity mechanisms | |
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Analysis: how to secure generation adequacy | |
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Network operations | |
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Introduction | |
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Voltage control and reactive power management | |
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Analysis of voltage control (Step I) | |
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Voltage control in its context (Step II) | |
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The organisation of voltage control (Step III) | |
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Conclusion | |
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N - 1 security | |
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The analysis of N-1 security as a function (Step I) | |
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The context of N-1 security (Step II) | |
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Design of the rules for 'N-1 security' (Step III) | |
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Conclusion | |
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Other network operations functions | |
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Flow management | |
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Network-faults clearing and short-circuit currents | |
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Black-start capacity | |
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Congestion management | |
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Introduction | |
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Criteria for congestion management methods | |
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Calculation of the amount of available capacity | |
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Congestion management methods | |
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Corrective methods: Redispatching and countertrading | |
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Allocation methods | |
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General overview | |
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Explicit auctioning | |
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Implicit auctioning | |
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Market splitting and market coupling | |
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Evaluation of congestion management methods | |
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Designing congestion management | |
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Conclusion | |
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Transport adequacy | |
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Introduction | |
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Analysis of transport adequacy (Step I) | |
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Transport adequacy in its context (Step II) | |
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The organisation of transport adequacy (Step III) | |
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Quality regulation | |
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The need for risk governance | |
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The quality objective | |
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The policy instruments | |
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Can the time lag problem be overcome? | |
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Conclusion | |
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Conclusion | |
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Merchant investment in interconnectors? | |
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Interconnection investment | |
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Why merchant interconnectors? | |
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Standard regulation of transmission | |
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Economics of merchant interconnectors | |
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The special regime of the Regulation | |
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The Estlink decisions | |
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Analysis and conclusion: a Trojan horse? | |
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Validation of the method | |
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Introduction | |
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The theory behind validation of the method | |
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Validation of the FULDA-method | |
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The FULDA-method as a decision support tool | |
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The impact of the context on the method: comparison EU-US | |
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Strategy for a thorough validation | |
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Conclusion | |
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The need for restructuring the legal organisation | |
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Design criteria | |
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Design approach and FULDA-method | |
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Our design for reliable electricity supply | |
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Assessment: does the design meet the criteria? | |
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Reflection | |
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Introduction | |
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Responsibility for the design | |
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Responsibility for organising a function | |
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The role of technology | |
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Comparison with practice | |
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The need for coordination | |
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Further research | |
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Case study: the maintenance of the energy balance | |
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Introduction | |
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European rules for the function | |
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Maintenance of the energy balance in the UCTE system | |
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Selecting the countries for the case studies | |
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The Netherlands | |
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Belgium | |
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France | |
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England and Wales | |
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Germany | |
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Bibliography | |
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List of EC Legislation | |
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Summary | |
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Samenvatting | |
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Curriculum vitae | |