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About the Authors | |
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Foreword | |
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Foreword | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Acronyms | |
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Introduction | |
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Why a Book on Digital Optics? | |
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Digital versus Analog | |
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What are Digital Optics? | |
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The Realm of Digital Optics | |
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Supplementary Material | |
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From Refraction to Diffraction | |
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Refraction and Diffraction Phenomena | |
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Understanding the Diffraction Phenomenon | |
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No More Parasitic Effects | |
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From Refractive Optics to Diffractive Optics | |
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From Diffractive Optics to Digital Optics | |
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Are Diffractives and Refractives Interchangeable Elements? | |
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Classification of Digital Optics | |
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Early Digital Optics | |
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Guided-wave Digital Optics | |
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Free-space Digital Optics | |
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Hybrid Digital Optics | |
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Guided-wave Digital Optics | |
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From Optical Fibers to Planar Lightwave Circuits (PLCs) | |
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Light Propagation in Waveguides | |
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The Optical Fiber | |
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The Dielectric Slab Waveguide | |
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Channel Waveguides | |
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PLC In- and Out-coupling | |
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Functionality Integration | |
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Refractive Micro-optics | |
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Micro-optics in Nature | |
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GRIN Lenses | |
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Surface-relief Micro-optics | |
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Micro-optics Arrays | |
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Digital Diffractive Optics: Analytic Type | |
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Analytic and Numeric Digital Diffractives | |
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The Notion of Diffraction Orders | |
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Diffraction Gratings | |
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Diffractive Optical Elements | |
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Diffractive Interferogram Lenses | |
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Digital Diffractive Optics: Numeric Type | |
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Computer-generated Holograms | |
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Designing CGHs | |
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Multiplexing CGHs | |
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Various CGH Functionality Implementations | |
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Hybrid Digital Optics | |
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Why Combine Different Optical Elements? | |
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Analysis of Lens Aberrations | |
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Improvement of Optical Functionality | |
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The Generation of Novel Optical Functionality | |
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Waveguide-based Hybrid Optics | |
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Reducing Weight, Size and Cost | |
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Specifying Hybrid Optics in Optical CAD/CAM | |
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A Parametric Design Example of Hybrid Optics via Ray-tracing Techniques | |
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Digital Holographic Optics | |
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Conventional Holography | |
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Different Types of Holograms I85 | |
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Unique Features of Holograms | |
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Modeling the Behavior of Volume Holograms | |
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HOE Lenses | |
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HOE Design Tools | |
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Holographic Origination Techniques | |
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Holographic Materials for HOEs | |
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Other Holographic Techniques | |
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Dynamic Digital Optics | |
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An Introduction to Dynamic Digital Optics | |
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Switchable Digital Optics | |
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Tunable Digital Optics | |
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Reconfigurable Digital Optics | |
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Digital Software Lenses: Wavefront Coding | |
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Digital Nano-optics | |
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The Concept of 'Nano' in Optics | |
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Sub-wavelength Gratings | |
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Modeling Sub-wavelength Gratings | |
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Engineering Effective Medium Optical Elements | |
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Form Birefringence Materials | |
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Guided Mode Resonance Gratings | |
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Surface Plasmonics | |
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Photonic Crystals | |
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Optical Metamaterials | |
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Digital Optics Modeling Techniques | |
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Tools Based on Ray Tracing | |
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Scalar Diffraction Based Propagators | |
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Beam Propagation Modeling (BPM) Methods | |
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Nonparaxial Diffraction Regime Issues | |
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Rigorous Electromagnetic Modeling Techniques | |
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Digital Optics Design and Modeling Tools Available Today | |
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Practical Paraxial Numeric Modeling Examples | |
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Digital Optics Fabrication Techniques | |
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Holographic Origination | |
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Diamond Tool Machining | |
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Photo-reduction | |
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Microlithographic Fabrication of Digital Optics | |
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Micro-refractive Element Fabrication Techniques | |
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Direct Writing Techniques | |
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Gray-scale Optical Lithography | |
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Front/Back Side Wafer Alignments and Wafer Stacks | |
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A Summary of Fabrication Techniques | |
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Design for Manufacturing | |
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The Lithographic Challenge | |
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Software Solutions: Reticle Enhancement Techniques | |
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Hardware Solutions | |
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Process Solutions | |
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Replication Techniques for Digital Optics | |
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The LIGA Process | |
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Mold Generation Techniques | |
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Embossing Techniques | |
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The UV Casting Process | |
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Injection Molding Techniques | |
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The Sol-Gel Process | |
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The Nano-replication Process | |
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A Summary of Replication Technologies | |
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Specifying and Testing Digital Optics | |
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Fabless Lithographic Fabrication Management | |
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Specifying the Fabrication Process | |
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Fabrication Evaluation | |
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Optical Functionality Evaluation | |
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Digital Optics Application Pools | |
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Heavy Industry | |
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Defense, Security and Space | |
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Clean Energy | |
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Factory Automation | |
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Optical Telecoms | |
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Biomedical Applications | |
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Entertainment and Marketing | |
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Consumer Electronics | |
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Summary | |
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The Future of Digital Optics | |
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Conclusion | |
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Rigorous Theory of Diffraction | |
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Maxwell's Equations | |
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Wave Propagation and the Wave Equation | |
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Towards a Scalar Field Representation | |
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The Scalar Theory of Diffraction | |
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Full Scalar Theory | |
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Scalar Diffraction Models for Digital Optics | |
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Extended Scalar Models | |
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FFTs and DFTs in Optics | |
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The Fourier Transform in Optics Today | |
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Conditions for the Existence of the Fourier Transform | |
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The Complex Fourier Transform | |
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The Discrete Fourier Transform | |
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The Properties of the Fourier Transform and Examples in Optics | |
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Other Transforms | |
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Index | |