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| About the Authors | |
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| Foreword | |
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| Foreword | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Acronyms | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Why a Book on Digital Optics? | |
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| Digital versus Analog | |
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| What are Digital Optics? | |
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| The Realm of Digital Optics | |
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| Supplementary Material | |
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| From Refraction to Diffraction | |
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| Refraction and Diffraction Phenomena | |
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| Understanding the Diffraction Phenomenon | |
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| No More Parasitic Effects | |
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| From Refractive Optics to Diffractive Optics | |
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| From Diffractive Optics to Digital Optics | |
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| Are Diffractives and Refractives Interchangeable Elements? | |
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| Classification of Digital Optics | |
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| Early Digital Optics | |
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| Guided-wave Digital Optics | |
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| Free-space Digital Optics | |
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| Hybrid Digital Optics | |
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| Guided-wave Digital Optics | |
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| From Optical Fibers to Planar Lightwave Circuits (PLCs) | |
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| Light Propagation in Waveguides | |
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| The Optical Fiber | |
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| The Dielectric Slab Waveguide | |
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| Channel Waveguides | |
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| PLC In- and Out-coupling | |
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| Functionality Integration | |
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| Refractive Micro-optics | |
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| Micro-optics in Nature | |
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| GRIN Lenses | |
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| Surface-relief Micro-optics | |
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| Micro-optics Arrays | |
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| Digital Diffractive Optics: Analytic Type | |
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| Analytic and Numeric Digital Diffractives | |
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| The Notion of Diffraction Orders | |
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| Diffraction Gratings | |
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| Diffractive Optical Elements | |
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| Diffractive Interferogram Lenses | |
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| Digital Diffractive Optics: Numeric Type | |
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| Computer-generated Holograms | |
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| Designing CGHs | |
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| Multiplexing CGHs | |
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| Various CGH Functionality Implementations | |
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| Hybrid Digital Optics | |
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| Why Combine Different Optical Elements? | |
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| Analysis of Lens Aberrations | |
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| Improvement of Optical Functionality | |
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| The Generation of Novel Optical Functionality | |
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| Waveguide-based Hybrid Optics | |
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| Reducing Weight, Size and Cost | |
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| Specifying Hybrid Optics in Optical CAD/CAM | |
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| A Parametric Design Example of Hybrid Optics via Ray-tracing Techniques | |
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| Digital Holographic Optics | |
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| Conventional Holography | |
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| Different Types of Holograms I85 | |
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| Unique Features of Holograms | |
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| Modeling the Behavior of Volume Holograms | |
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| HOE Lenses | |
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| HOE Design Tools | |
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| Holographic Origination Techniques | |
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| Holographic Materials for HOEs | |
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| Other Holographic Techniques | |
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| Dynamic Digital Optics | |
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| An Introduction to Dynamic Digital Optics | |
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| Switchable Digital Optics | |
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| Tunable Digital Optics | |
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| Reconfigurable Digital Optics | |
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| Digital Software Lenses: Wavefront Coding | |
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| Digital Nano-optics | |
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| The Concept of 'Nano' in Optics | |
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| Sub-wavelength Gratings | |
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| Modeling Sub-wavelength Gratings | |
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| Engineering Effective Medium Optical Elements | |
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| Form Birefringence Materials | |
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| Guided Mode Resonance Gratings | |
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| Surface Plasmonics | |
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| Photonic Crystals | |
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| Optical Metamaterials | |
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| Digital Optics Modeling Techniques | |
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| Tools Based on Ray Tracing | |
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| Scalar Diffraction Based Propagators | |
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| Beam Propagation Modeling (BPM) Methods | |
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| Nonparaxial Diffraction Regime Issues | |
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| Rigorous Electromagnetic Modeling Techniques | |
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| Digital Optics Design and Modeling Tools Available Today | |
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| Practical Paraxial Numeric Modeling Examples | |
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| Digital Optics Fabrication Techniques | |
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| Holographic Origination | |
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| Diamond Tool Machining | |
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| Photo-reduction | |
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| Microlithographic Fabrication of Digital Optics | |
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| Micro-refractive Element Fabrication Techniques | |
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| Direct Writing Techniques | |
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| Gray-scale Optical Lithography | |
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| Front/Back Side Wafer Alignments and Wafer Stacks | |
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| A Summary of Fabrication Techniques | |
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| Design for Manufacturing | |
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| The Lithographic Challenge | |
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| Software Solutions: Reticle Enhancement Techniques | |
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| Hardware Solutions | |
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| Process Solutions | |
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| Replication Techniques for Digital Optics | |
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| The LIGA Process | |
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| Mold Generation Techniques | |
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| Embossing Techniques | |
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| The UV Casting Process | |
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| Injection Molding Techniques | |
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| The Sol-Gel Process | |
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| The Nano-replication Process | |
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| A Summary of Replication Technologies | |
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| Specifying and Testing Digital Optics | |
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| Fabless Lithographic Fabrication Management | |
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| Specifying the Fabrication Process | |
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| Fabrication Evaluation | |
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| Optical Functionality Evaluation | |
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| Digital Optics Application Pools | |
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| Heavy Industry | |
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| Defense, Security and Space | |
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| Clean Energy | |
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| Factory Automation | |
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| Optical Telecoms | |
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| Biomedical Applications | |
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| Entertainment and Marketing | |
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| Consumer Electronics | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Future of Digital Optics | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Rigorous Theory of Diffraction | |
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| Maxwell's Equations | |
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| Wave Propagation and the Wave Equation | |
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| Towards a Scalar Field Representation | |
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| The Scalar Theory of Diffraction | |
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| Full Scalar Theory | |
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| Scalar Diffraction Models for Digital Optics | |
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| Extended Scalar Models | |
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| FFTs and DFTs in Optics | |
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| The Fourier Transform in Optics Today | |
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| Conditions for the Existence of the Fourier Transform | |
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| The Complex Fourier Transform | |
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| The Discrete Fourier Transform | |
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| The Properties of the Fourier Transform and Examples in Optics | |
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| Other Transforms | |
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| Index | |