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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Tables | |
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| Dispelling Common Perceptions | |
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| Questions and Issues | |
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| Overview of the Data Set | |
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| Trends in PVOs, 1939-2005 | |
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| Points of Contention between PVOs and the Federal Government | |
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| World War II: U.S. Federal Government Consolidation and Regulation of Humanitarian Assistance, 1939-45 | |
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| American Neutrality, 1939-41 | |
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| America at War, 1941-43 | |
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| Consolidating the War Relief Effort, 1943-45 | |
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| Comparison of Religious and Secular Agencies | |
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| From Relief to Reconstruction | |
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| The Beginning of the Cold War and the Promotion of Economic Development, 1946-59 | |
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| The Rise and Fall of the Ethnically Oriented PVOs | |
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| Government-PVO Coordination and Cooperation, 1946-48 | |
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| Coordinating Jewish Fund-Raising | |
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| Containment and Reconstruction, 1948-54 | |
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| The Cold War and the Rise of Catholic Relief Services | |
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| Continuing the Pattern of Relief Aid | |
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| The Internationalization of American Aid | |
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| Breakdown of Secular PVOs by Subtype | |
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| Permanent Humanitarian Uses of Food | |
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| Population Control and Food Production | |
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| PVO Neutrality and the Vietnam War | |
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| Protestant PVOs and the Rise of Evangelicals | |
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| The Security of Israel and Jewish PVOs | |
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| PVOs and the Secularizing of American Society | |
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| The Golden Age of PVO-State Relations | |
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| The PVO-State Partnership | |
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| The Ethiopian Famine and the Maturation of the PVOs | |
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| PVOs as Policy Advocates | |
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| PVOs as Transnational Agencies | |
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| Religious Agencies | |
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| From Relief to Development | |
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| Federal Decentralization and the Militarization of Foreign Humanitarian Aid | |
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| Shift in Foreign Aid Trends | |
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| The Political Maturation of PVOs | |
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| Division among the Evangelicals | |
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| Central America and "Low-Intensity Conflict" | |
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| P.L. 480 and the Quasi-Governmental PVO | |
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| The Parallel Humanitarian Role of the U.S. Military | |
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| Sustainable Development | |
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| The Commercialization of Foreign Aid | |
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| "Reforming" USAID and the Loss of Competitiveness | |
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| Commercialization of Aid | |
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| How to Implement Aid | |
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| National Security and Foreign Aid | |
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| The Evolving Role of the Military | |
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| Disbanding the PVO Club | |
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| Transformational Development | |
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| Foreign Assistance Reform | |
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| Food Aid | |
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| The Future of Foreign Aid | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Notes | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |